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1、語(yǔ)態(tài)是一種動(dòng)詞形式,表示動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我們打掃了。動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí),原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ),原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)變成了介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同,但動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和
2、承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí):was/weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí):was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasbeendone過去完成時(shí):hadbeendone一般將來(lái)時(shí):shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。Thisbookwas
3、writtenin1969.這本書是1969年寫成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他說(shuō)這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作將
4、于三小時(shí)后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.這孩子必須被好好照顧。在被動(dòng)句中有時(shí)用by-詞組,有時(shí)不用。一般來(lái)說(shuō),當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者為誰(shuí)不甚清楚,不甚重要或難以說(shuō)出時(shí),通常不用by。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t必須使用by詞組。例如:(一)主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換1.含有單賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換:HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亞寫的。PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世
5、界各地都有人講英語(yǔ)。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.2.含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).3.含有介詞動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.人家從不聽他的話。表示被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句:Cottonfe
6、elssoft.棉花摸上去很柔軟。Ripeapplespickeasily.熟了的蘋果容易摘下來(lái)。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.Rewritethefollowingsentencesinthepassivevoice.(用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改寫下列各句):1)Theyareservingbreakfastbetweeneightandteno’clock.Breakfastisbeingservedbetweeneightandteno’clock.2)Peopleweretalkingabou
7、ttheunusuallyhotweather.Theunusuallyhotweatherwasbeingtalkedabout.3)Hisfatherallowshimalittlemoneyeverymonth.Alittlemoneyisallowedtohimbyhisfathereverymonth.4)Theteacherwillgiveyousomeinstructions.Someinstructionswillbegiventoyou.Youwillbegivensomeinstruct
8、ions.II.Rewritethefollowingsentencesintheactivevoice.(用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改寫下列句子)1)Manychangescanbeseenbytheyear2008.Peoplecanseemanychangesbytheyear2008.2)Thisletterneedn’ttobetyped.Youneedn’ttypethisletter.有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式也可以