資源描述：
《textual selection 哈工大》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫(kù)。
1、TextualSelection1、When,atthebeginningofTheIliad-andWesternliterature-KingAgamemnonstealsAchilles'slave-girl,Briseis,thekingtellstheworld'sgreatestwarriorthatheisdoingso"toletyouknowthatIammorepowerfulthanyou,andtoteachothersnottobandywordswithmeopenlydefytheirking"'.ButliteraryscholarJonathanGott
2、schallbelievesthatthetruefocusofHomer'sepicisnotroyalauthority,butroyalgenes.2、Gottschallisoneofagroupofresearchers,callingthemselvesliteraryDarwinists,devotedtostudyingliteratureusingtheconceptsofevolutionarybiologyandtheempirical,quantitativemethodsofthesciences."WomeninHomerarenotaproxyforstat
3、usandhonour;saysGottschall."Atbottom,themeninthestoriesaremotivatedbyreproductiveconcerns.EveryHomericraidinvolveskillingthemenandabductingthewomen:'Theviolentworldoftheepics,hesays,reflectsasocietywheremenfoughtforscarcematesandchieftainshadaccesstoasmanywomenasslavesandconcubines.Andhethinkstha
4、teverythingwrittensinceHomerisopentosimilaranalysis.3、LiteraryDarwinismisamodeofanalysis;it'salsoabitofacrusade,anattempttoshakeupliterarycriticism."Literarytheoryrequiresatheoryofhumannature,becauseliteratureisshapedbyhumanmotivesandcognitivebiases;saysJosephCarrolloftheUniversityofMissouri,StLo
5、uis.Theproblem,saytheliteraryDarwinists,isthatforthepastfewdecadesthehumanitieshave,inthecaseofcriticsdeconstructingtexts,deniedtheneedforatheoryofhumannature,assertingthatthestudyoftextscanbeconcernedwithnothingoutsidethosetexts.Orelsetheyhavebeenstuckontheoriesofhumannaturethatarerootedinthesub
6、jectiveandthesocial.4、ThoseinfluencedbyFreudianism,forexample,mightreadanovellookingforhintsofachild'ssexualdesireforitsparent.AMarxistwouldseekouteconomicandclassconflicts.Carrollhasnotruckwiththis:"Thetheoriesuptothispointhaveallhadalittlebitofthetruth,buthavealsoallbeenfundamentallyflawed;hesa
7、ys."Nonecomestotermswiththefundamentalfactsofhumanevolution."5、Literarydarwinistsbelievethatliteraturereflectsauniversalhumannatureshapedbynaturalselection,andasaresult,readtextsintermsofanimalconcernssuchasmatechoice,
