列管式換熱器的設(shè)計(jì)

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1、目錄一、方案簡(jiǎn)介································································1二、方案設(shè)計(jì)································································21、確定設(shè)計(jì)方案·····························································22、確定物性數(shù)據(jù)·······························

2、······························23、計(jì)算總傳熱系數(shù)···························································34、計(jì)算傳熱面積·····························································35、工藝結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸·····························································46、換熱器核算······

3、·························································5三、設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果一覽表··························································8四、附圖（主體設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)條件圖）（詳情參見圖紙）································8五、參考文獻(xiàn)································································9

4、三、主要符號(hào)說明····························································9四、心得體會(huì)·································································10附圖··········································································一、方案簡(jiǎn)介本設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)是利用冷流體（水）給硝基苯降溫。利用熱傳遞過程中

5、對(duì)流傳熱原則，制成換熱器，以供生產(chǎn)需要。下圖（圖1）是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中用到的列管式換熱器.選擇換熱器時(shí),要遵循經(jīng)濟(jì),傳熱效果優(yōu),方便清洗,復(fù)合實(shí)際需要等原則。換熱器分為幾大類：夾套式換熱器，沉浸式蛇管換熱器，噴淋式換熱器，套管式換熱器，螺旋板式換熱器，板翅式換熱器，熱管式換熱器，列管式換熱器等。不同的換熱器適用于不同的場(chǎng)合。而列管式換熱器在生產(chǎn)中被廣泛利用。它的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、堅(jiān)固、制造較容易、處理能力大、適應(yīng)性大、操作彈性較大。尤其在高壓、高溫和大型裝置中使用更為普遍。所以首選列管式換熱器作為設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)。9二、方

6、案設(shè)計(jì)某廠在生產(chǎn)過程中，需將硝基苯液體從100℃冷卻到45℃。處理能力為1.5×105噸/年。冷卻介質(zhì)采用自來(lái)水，入口溫度30℃，出口溫度40℃。要求換熱器的管程和殼程的壓降不大于10kPa。試設(shè)計(jì)能完成上述任務(wù)的列管式換熱器。（每年按330天，每天24小時(shí)連續(xù)運(yùn)行）1．確定設(shè)計(jì)方案（1）選擇換熱器的類型兩流體溫度變化情況：熱流體進(jìn)口溫度100℃，出口溫度45℃冷流體。冷流體進(jìn)口溫度30℃，出口溫度40℃。從兩流體溫度來(lái)看，估計(jì)換熱器的管壁溫度和殼體壁溫之差不會(huì)很大，因此初步確定選用固定管板式換熱器。

7、（2）流動(dòng)空間及流速的確定由于硝基苯的粘度比水的大，因此冷卻水走管程，硝基苯走殼程。另外，這樣的選擇可以使硝基苯通過殼體壁面向空氣中散熱，提高冷卻效果。同時(shí)，在此選擇逆流。選用ф25×2.5的碳鋼管，管內(nèi)流速取ui=0.5m/ｓ。2、確定物性數(shù)據(jù)定性溫度：可取流體進(jìn)口溫度的平均值。殼程硝基苯的定性溫度為：管程流體的定性溫度為：根據(jù)定性溫度，分別查取殼程和管程流體的有關(guān)物性數(shù)據(jù)。硝基苯在72.5℃下的有關(guān)物性數(shù)據(jù)如下：密度　　ρo=1153kg/m3定壓比熱容　cpo=1.559kJ/(kg·℃)導(dǎo)熱系

8、數(shù)　　λo＝0.129W/(m·℃)粘度　　μo=0.000979Pa·s冷卻水在35℃下的物性數(shù)據(jù)：密度　　ρi=994.3kg/m3定壓比熱容　cpi=4.24kJ/(kg·℃)導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)　　λi=0.618W/(m·℃)粘度　　　　μi=0.000818Pa·s3．計(jì)算總傳熱系數(shù)（1）熱流量熱流體的流量Wo=1.5×105×1000÷330÷24≈18939kg/h熱流量Qo=WocpoΔto=18939×1.559×(100-45)=1623925