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1、ⅤAlvarAalto,1898-19761.BriefintroductionOneofthemostimportantarchitectsofthe20thcenturyHisdesignshowsarelationshiptoNatureandlocalenvironmentasalogicalcollaborator.Heachievedanabsolutecontrolofspace,enrichedbyhiscontinualinvolvementwithhumanandpsychologicalneeds.2.ExperienceHewasbornin1898inFi
2、nland.HestudiedatthePolytechnicHelsinkifrom1916to1921.InthefollowingyearshetraveledwidelyinEurope.In1923,heopenedhisfirstofficeandin1925hemarriedMarsio,whowastobehismostimportantcollaboratoruntilherdeathin1949.In1927hesettledinTurku,wherehisdesignshowedthesamedirectionasthemostadvancedcontempo
3、raryworkincentralEurope.AscanbeseenintheLibraryinViipuriandtheSanatorium(療養(yǎng)院)inPaimio.In1931hemovedtoHelsinkiwherehisdesigncompletedintegrationintoFinnishculturallife.AscanbeseenintheVillaMairea(1938-9)andtheFinnishPavilionattheNewYorkWorld’sFair(1939).Duringthepost-warperiodhewasactivelyengag
4、edinreconstructionworkinFinlandandfinishedalotofprojects,includingtheTownHallinSaynatsalo(1950-53),theFinlandiaConferencecenterandconcerthallinHelsinki(1970-75).theFinlandiaConferencecenterandconcerthallHealsodesignedalotofbuildingsoutsidethecapital,showinghiscapabilityandprofundityofhisthough
5、t,deeplyrootedinthehistorical,cultural,andgeographicaltraditionsofhiscountry,includingandtheVuoksenniskaChurch,Imatra(1956-59).VuoksenniskaChurch,Imatra(1956-59)HewasalsoresponsibleforaseriesofbuildingsandprojectsoutsideFinland,suchastheSeniorStudent’sDormitory(BakerHouse)attheMIT(1947-8),theM
6、aisonCarreinFrance(1956-59),theCulturalCenter(1959-62)inWolfsburgandChurchatRiolainItaly(1966-78).3.Philosophy1)HumanandenvironmentArchitectureservesforhumanbeings.Caringforpeopleishisfirstconsiderationinarchitecturaldesign.Throughthetreatmentofspace,volume,materials,lightsanddetails,hecreated
7、placesfullofhumankindness.Hecreatedbuildingsadaptingtoitsenvironmentthroughusingcurves.Citylibrary2)SpaceandlightDifferentwaysoflightingcreateddifferentformadaptingtospecialclimate.MountAngelLibraryHeisanexpertofusingmaterialstocreatedi
