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1、1.1SIGNIFICANCEOFPAPERThesignificanceofpaperandpaperproductsinmodernlifeisobvioustoeveryone:nomanufacturedproductplaysamoremeaningfulroleineveryareaofhumanactivity.Paperprovidesthemeansofrecording,storageanddisseminationofinformation;virtuallyallwritingandpr
2、intingisdoneonpaper.Itisthemostwidelyusedwrappingandpackagingmaterial,andisimportantforstructuralapplications.Theusesandapplicationsforpaperandpaperproductsarevirtuallylimitless.Newspecialtyproductsarecontinuallybeingdeveloped?Atthesametime,theindustryisawar
3、eofinroadsandcompctitionfromothersectors,notablyplasticsandelectronicmediaformarketstraditionallyservedbypaper.Asneverbefore,newtechnologyandmethodologyisbeingadoptedsothattheindustrycanrcmaincompetitiveinexistingmarketsandbereceptivetonewopportunities?Aside
4、fromtheoutputofproductsandservices,thePulpandPaperIndustryprovidesemploymentforvastnumbersofpeopleandplaysavitalroleintheoveralleconomyofthesedays?1.2DEFINITIONSOFPULP,PAPERANDPAPERBOARDPaperhastraditionallybeendefinedas"afeltedsheetformedonafinescreenfromaw
5、atersuspensionoffibers".Currentpaperproductsgenerallyconformtothisdefinitionexceptthatmostproductsalsocontainnon?fibrousadditives.DiyformingmethodsarcnowutilizedforthemanufactureofafewspecialtypaperpIntroductionpapermaking?Pulpfibersareusuallyofvegetableorig
6、in,butanimal,mineralorsyntheticfibersmaybeusedforspecialapplications?Pulpsusedforchemicalconversionintonon-pape『productsarecalleddissolvingpulps.Thedistinctionbetweenpaperandpaperboardisbasedonproductthickness.Nominally,allsheetsabove0.3mmthicknessareclassed
7、aspaperboard;butenoughexceptionsareappliedtomakethedistinctionsomewhathazy?1.3CHRONOLOGYOFTECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTPaperderivesitsnamefromthereedyplant,papyrus?TheancientEgyptiansproducedtheworldsfirstwritingmaterialbybeatingandpressingtogetherthinlayersofthe
8、plantstem(seeFigure1-1)?However,completedefiberingwhichischaracteristicoftruepapermakingwasabsent.ThefirstauthenticpapermakingoriginatedinChinaasearlyas100AD,utilizingasuspensionofbambooormulber
