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1、.定語從句(一）（一）定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1．定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。2．先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3．關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用：A、引導(dǎo)定語從句；B、代替先行詞；C、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．who指人，在定語從句中作主語。Theboyswhoa
2、replayingfootballarefromClassOne.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2．whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3．Which指物，在
3、定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷浴ootballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.4．that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind...5．Whose通常指
4、人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意：指物時，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引
5、出。Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.注意：１．含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(誤)２．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用wh
6、om，不可用who,that；關(guān)系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(誤)３．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapple
7、s,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.2.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。..ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Pleasetellm
8、ethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountry,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.Greatch
