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1、..暑期培優(yōu)教材暑期培優(yōu)教材初一升初二(數(shù)學(xué))編者:張老師成都·2013.5.下載可編輯...目錄第一部分——溫故知新專題一整式運(yùn)算·················································1專題二乘法公式·················································3專題三平行線的性質(zhì)與判定·······································9專題四三角形的基本性質(zhì)··················
2、·······················11專題五全等三角形···············································14專題六如何做幾何證明題·········································17專題七軸對稱···················································22第二部分——提前學(xué)習(xí)專題一勾股定理··········································
3、·······25專題二平方根與算數(shù)平方根·······································29專題三立方根···················································32專題四平方根與立方根的應(yīng)用····································35專題五實(shí)數(shù)的分類.下載可編輯...···············································39專題六最簡二次根式及分母有理化·
4、·································42專題七非負(fù)數(shù)的性質(zhì)及應(yīng)用·······································46專題八二次根式的復(fù)習(xí)···········································49.下載可編輯...第一部分——溫故知新專題一整式運(yùn)算1.由數(shù)字與字母組成的代數(shù)式叫做單項(xiàng)式。單獨(dú)一個(gè)數(shù)或字母也是單項(xiàng)式。單項(xiàng)式中的叫做單項(xiàng)式的系數(shù)單項(xiàng)式中所有字母的叫做單項(xiàng)式的次數(shù)2.幾個(gè)單項(xiàng)式的和叫做多項(xiàng)式多項(xiàng)式中叫做這
5、個(gè)多項(xiàng)式的次數(shù)3.單項(xiàng)式和多項(xiàng)式統(tǒng)稱為4.整式加減實(shí)質(zhì)就是后5.同底數(shù)冪乘法法則:(m.n都是正整數(shù));逆運(yùn)算6.冪的乘方法則:(m.n都是正整數(shù));逆運(yùn)算7.積的乘方法則:(n為正整數(shù));逆運(yùn)算8.同底數(shù)冪除法法則:(a≠0,m.n都是正整數(shù));逆運(yùn)算9.零指數(shù)的意義:;10.負(fù)指數(shù)的意義:11.整式乘法:(1)單項(xiàng)式乘以單項(xiàng)式;(2)單項(xiàng)式乘以多項(xiàng)式;(3)多項(xiàng)式乘以多項(xiàng)式12.整式除法:(1)單項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式;(2)多項(xiàng)式除以單項(xiàng)式知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.單項(xiàng)式多項(xiàng)式的相關(guān)概念歸納:在準(zhǔn)確記憶基本概念的基礎(chǔ)上,
6、加強(qiáng)對概念的理解,并靈活的運(yùn)用例1.下列說法正確的是()A.沒有加減運(yùn)算的式子叫單項(xiàng)式B.的系數(shù)是C.單項(xiàng)式-1的次數(shù)是0D.是二次三項(xiàng)式例2.如果多項(xiàng)式是關(guān)于x的二次二項(xiàng)式,求m,n的值知識(shí)點(diǎn)2.整式加減歸納:正確掌握去括號的法則,合并同類項(xiàng)的法則例3.多項(xiàng)式中不含xy項(xiàng),求k的值.下載可編輯...知識(shí)點(diǎn)3.冪的運(yùn)算歸納:冪的運(yùn)算一般情況下,考題的類型均以運(yùn)算法則的逆運(yùn)算為主,加強(qiáng)對冪的逆運(yùn)算的練習(xí),是解決這類題型的核心方法。例4.已知求(1)的值(2)的值例5.計(jì)算(1)(2)知識(shí)點(diǎn)4.整式的混合運(yùn)
7、算歸納:整式的乘法法則和除法法則是整式運(yùn)算的依據(jù),注意運(yùn)算時(shí)靈活運(yùn)用法則。例6.先化簡,再求值:,其中知識(shí)點(diǎn)5.運(yùn)用冪的法則比較大小歸納:根據(jù)冪的運(yùn)算法則,可以將比較大小的題分為兩種:①化為同底數(shù)比較;②化為同指數(shù)比較例7.比較大?。?)(2)1.若A是五次多項(xiàng)式,B是三次多項(xiàng)式,則A+B一定是()A.五次整式B.八次多項(xiàng)式C.三次多項(xiàng)式D.次數(shù)不能確定2.已知,,,則、、的大小關(guān)系是()A.>> B.>>C.<<D.>>3.若,,則等于()A.-5B.-3C.-1D.1.下載可編輯...4.下列敘述中
8、,正確的是()A.單項(xiàng)式的系數(shù)是0,次數(shù)是3B.a、π、0、22都是單項(xiàng)式C.多項(xiàng)式是六次三項(xiàng)式D.是二次二項(xiàng)式5.下列說法正確的是()A.任何一個(gè)數(shù)的0次方都是1B.多項(xiàng)式與多項(xiàng)式的和是多項(xiàng)式C.單項(xiàng)式與單項(xiàng)式的和是多項(xiàng)式D.多項(xiàng)式至少有兩項(xiàng)6.下列計(jì)算:①②③④⑤⑥正確的有()A.2個(gè)B.3個(gè)C.4個(gè)D.5個(gè)7.在的積中,不想含有項(xiàng),則必須為.8.若中不含有項(xiàng),則,.9.比較大?。?)(2)(3)10.計(jì)算(1)(2)專題二乘法公式1.