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1、ClassroomLanguageTeachingandLearningintheEraofTechnologyWangHaixiaoNanjingUniversityOutlineThe“what”,“who”and“how”oflanguageteachingandlearningWhatistechnologydoing?Whatismissing?ClassroomteachingdesignThe“What”ofLanguageTeachingandLearningWhatistobetaughtandlearned?能力應用能力英語應用
2、能力綜合英語應用能力綜合英語應用能力Canale&Swain(1980)Grammaticalcompetence(語法能力)Discoursecompetence(語篇能力)Sociolinguisticcompetence(社會語言能力)Strategiccompetence(策略能力)前兩者反映對語言系統(tǒng)自身的運用，后兩者與交際的功能有關(guān)。GrammaticalcompetenceKnowledgeofpronunciationandintonationKnowledgeofwordsKnowledgeofsentencesDiscourse
3、competenceCohesionandcoherenceParagraphorganizationTopic,development,conclusionRhetoricalorganizationsE.g.,narration,description,comparison,classification,argumentation,etc.ConventionsgoverningconversationsSociolinguisticcompetenceHowtodothingswithwordsToexchangeinformation,to
4、manipulateothers,toimagineSensitivityTodifferencesindialectandregister,tonaturalness,toculturalreferences,tofiguresofspeechStrategiccompetenceVerbalandnon-verbalstrategiestocompensateforbreakdownsincommunicationandtoenhancetherhetoricaleffectofutterancesKnowledgeStructuresShar
5、edknowledgeasprerequisiteGeneralknowledgeCulture/subjectspecificknowledgeWhoAreLearning?AgeIntelligenceandaptitude1)phoneticcodingability;2)grammaticalsensitivity;3)inductiveabilityPersonalitiesandlearningStylesAttitudesandmotivationsLearningneedsLearningStylesConcretelearning
6、stylesAnalyticallearningstyleCommunicativelearningstyleAuthority-orientedlearningstyleFielddependentvs.fieldindependentAttitudesandMotivationStern’sclassificationofattitudesAttitudestowardsthecommunityandpeoplewhospeaktheL2AttitudestowardslearningthelanguageconcernedAttitudest
7、owardslanguagesandlanguagelearningingeneralGardnerandLambert:integrativeandinstrumentalmotivationPersonalityExtroversion/introversionSocialskillsInhibitionHowIsLanguageLearned?Input,outputandinteractionLearningasconstructionLanguagelearningstrategiesInputThenaturalorderhypothe
8、sisThecomprehensibleinputhypothesisWhyOutput?Outputenhancesfl
