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1、大學(xué)英語B級輔導(dǎo)—詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)1重要語法項(xiàng)目:主謂一致;形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級;人稱代詞;情態(tài)動詞;冠詞和介詞;不定式,動名詞搭配;固定句型;詞義辨析;時態(tài)和被動語態(tài);定語從句;倒裝;虛擬語氣(劃線部分為考試頻率較高項(xiàng)目)一、主謂一致主謂一致是指:1)語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2)意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3)就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.?但當(dāng)
2、不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tenthousandtonsofcoalwereproducedlastyear.?典型例題TheLeague(共青團(tuán))secretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.is B.was C.are D.were答案B.注:先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時,先排除A.,C.。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門heLeaguesecretaryandmonitor好象是兩個人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor前沒有the,在英
3、語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應(yīng)選B?! 《⒅髦^一致中的靠近原則1)當(dāng)therebe句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致?! hereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.. Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.2)當(dāng)either…or…與neither…nor, 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果
4、句子是由here,there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致?! itheryouorsheistogo. Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.三、謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 當(dāng)主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致?! heteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory. Heas
5、wellasIwantstogoboating.真題操練:1.BothChinaandJapan_______locatedintheeastofAsia.?A.are??????????????B.be????????????????C.is????????????????????????D.was2.?NeitherBillnorhisparents_________athome.A.isB.hasC.areD.was3.Boththekidsandtheirparents______English,Ithink.Iknowitf
6、romtheiraccent.A:isB:beenC:areD:was4.Apairofspectacles________whatIneedatthemoment.A:isB:areC:hasD:have5.Iwillcountthreehundredandnotoneofyou_____moveamuscle.A:istoB:aretoC:isD:are6.Mathematics________studyorscienceofnumbers.A:isB:areC:wasD:were7.-Doyouwanttowait?-Fived
7、ays________toolongformetowait.A:wasB:wereC:isD:are8.Twothousanddollars______enoughforthecar.A:beingB:wereC:areD:is9.Theyoung__________eatenupalmosteverythingonthetable.A:isB:areC:hasD:have10.Modernmachinery_________beeninstalledinthisnewly-builtfactory.A.hasB.haveC.isD.
8、are參考答案:1.A2.C3.C4.A5.A6.A7.C8.D9.D10.A二、人稱代詞和冠詞人稱代詞的用法人稱代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代詞形