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1、VeterinaryMicrobiology69(1999)117±125Themoleculardynamicsoffelinecoronaviruses*PeterJ.M.RottierVeterinaryFaculty,UtrechtUniversity,DepartmentofInfectiousDiseasesandImmunology,VirologyUnit,Yalelaan1,3584CLUtrecht,TheNetherlandsAbstractFelinecoronavirusesarewidesp
2、readandcomeindifferentflavors.Therearetwomainserotypesbothofwhichoccurintwopathotypes,theavirulententericvirusesandthevirulent,usuallyfatalperitonitisviruses,thelatterinturnoccurringeitherina`wet'orexudativeformorina`dry'orproliferativeform.Inthispaperaconciseov
3、erviewisgivenofthemolecularfeaturesoftheseviruses.Specialattentionisgiventothegeneticdynamicsofthevirusesasthesenowallowustobegintounderstandtheoriginofthedifferentphenotypes,inparticularthegenesisofvirulenceduringpersistentinfection.Asdiscussed,thesurprisingnew
4、insightsobtainedoverthelastfewyearscallforacriticalreevaluationofstrategiesforprotection.#1999ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Felinecoronavirus;Felineinfectiousperitonitis;Coronaviruspersistence1.IntroductionTheUtrechtgrouphasbeenaccumulatingdataon
5、felinecoronavirusesformorethantwodecades;MarianC.Horzinekstartedtheworkonfelineinfectiousperitonitisin1975,andwithRaouldeGroot,HarryVennema,HermanEgberinkandBartHaagmansourgrouphasmademajorcontributionsonthistopic.ArnoldHerrewegh'sdissertation,basedonfivepapers,
6、isthelastcoherentadditiontothesubject(Herrewegh,1997).Coronavirusesarepositive-strandedRNAviruses,recentlyaccommodatedintheorderNidovirales.ThefamilyCoronaviridaeincludesthegeneraCoronavirusandTorovirus,whereastheArteriviridaecontainsbutasinglegenus(Arterivirus)
7、sofar.TheviruseshavebeenclassifiedintheorderNidoviralesmainlyonthebasisoftwofeatures:theirgenomeorganizationandtheirreplicationstrategy(forreview,seedeVriesetal.,1997).Theorganizationofthegenomesofthecorona-,toro-,andarterivirusesisquitesimilar:theyhavealargeope
8、nreadingframeatthe5'-endoftheirgenome,whichencodesthe*Tel:+31302532462;fax:+31302536723.0378-1135/99/$±seefrontmatter#1999ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.PII:S03
