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1、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的句法功能比較：???（附圖{圖}）???一、作主語???⒈不定式作主語???動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：???(1)把不定式置于句首。如：???Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.???(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：???①It＋be＋名詞＋todo???It‘sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.???②Ittakessb+sometime+todo???Howlon
2、gdidittakeyoutofinishthework????③It＋be＋形容詞＋forsb＋todo???Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.???④It＋be＋形容詞＋ofsb＋todo???Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.???⑤Itseems(appears)＋形容詞＋todo???Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.???在句
3、型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時(shí)相當(dāng)于Sbis＋形容詞＋todo句式，如：It’skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=Youarekindtohelpmewit
4、hmyEnglish.???⒉動(dòng)名詞作主語???Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.???動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，也常用It句式。如：???①It‘s+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…???It’snogoodreadingindimlight.???It‘snousesittingherewaiting.???②It’s＋形容詞＋doing???It‘sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.???這樣用的形容
5、詞有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary則不適用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用不定式代替，如：It’simportantforyoutokeepfit.???③Thereisno+doing???Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.???在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞后常帶賓語，相當(dāng)于"It‘simpossibleto…"結(jié)構(gòu)。???⒊動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語的區(qū)別???①不定式作主語經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，常與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；而動(dòng)名詞作主語經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常
6、不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起。如：???It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.???It‘snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.???②動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，可以用名詞或代詞屬格形式作邏輯主語。如：???It’snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn‘tknowtherules.???二、作賓語???⒈不定式作賓語???①以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help
7、,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，這些詞大部分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。如：???Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.???IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.???Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.???Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedtha
8、twewouldstartbackonfoot.???②當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語＋動(dòng)詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語＋todo句式。如：???Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignl
