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1、現(xiàn)在分詞Page2of2一、現(xiàn)在分詞:在句中可以做表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語?,F(xiàn)在分詞主動被動一般(not)doing(not)beingdone完成(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone二、現(xiàn)在分詞的基本用法1.作表語:表主語的特征。如amusing,discouraging,puzzling,refreshing,astonishing。2.作定語:(1).表示主動的、進(jìn)行的狀態(tài):Thegirlwearingblueskirtismysister.=Thegirlwhois
2、wearingblueskirtismysister.(比較:Thefactorybeingbuiltnowisabigone.)(2).說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)和特征:Thisisaninterestingstory.(3).相當(dāng)于非限制性定語,常用逗號分開:Tom,wearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.=Tom,whoiswearingbeautifulclothes,followedmedownthehill.(4).與adv./n.構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞作定語:Th
3、isisanEnglish-speakingcountry.3.作狀語:表示主動的、進(jìn)行的狀態(tài),其邏輯主語是句中的主語。(如果不是,需在v.-ing形式前加名詞或代詞作邏輯主語:Time?permitting,?the?football?match?will?be?played?on?Friday.)(1).原因狀語:Nothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,shehadtostayhome.(2).時間狀語:Seeingtheirteachercoming,thestudentsstop
4、pedtalking.如果現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作與謂語表示的動作同時發(fā)生,常在現(xiàn)在分詞前加上when或while:Whilewaitingfortheplane,IhadalongtalkwithSimon.(3).條件狀語:Workingharder,you'llbeNo.1inyourclass.(4).讓步狀語:Weighingalmosttwohundredkilograms,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(5).結(jié)果狀語:Hedied,leavingnothingbutdebts
5、.(6).伴隨狀語:Hesatbythedesk,begging.注意:Theparkwasfullofpeople,enjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.由此可知伴隨狀語的特點:①主語所做的另一動作或②與謂語動作(狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生或③對謂語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。(7).方式狀語:Followingtheirteacher,thestudentsenteredtheroomquietly.4.作賓補(bǔ):表示主動的、進(jìn)行的狀態(tài),與賓語有邏輯上的“主表”或“主謂”關(guān)系:Weallfoundhiseq
6、uipmentinteresting.(主表關(guān)系)/IsawMarygoingupstairsthen.(主謂關(guān)系)三、現(xiàn)在分詞的兩個基本特點1.在時間上表示動作正在進(jìn)行:adevelopingcountry,boilingwater,risingsun(比較:adevelopedcountry,boiledwater,risensun)2.在語態(tài)上表示主動:therulingclass統(tǒng)治階級,theexploitingclass剝削階級(比較:theruledclass被統(tǒng)治階級,theexploited
7、class被剝削階級)四、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(AbsolutePhrase)由兩部分組成,前一部分是名詞或者代詞,后一部分是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。其本身不是句子,在句子中作狀語,表時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。Alecturetobegiventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.(原因)Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.(條件)H
8、ewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead.?(伴隨)Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.(結(jié)果)Themeetingover,theyallwenthome.(時間)Twohundredpeoplediedintheaccident,manyofthemchildren.(結(jié)果)Theboygo