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1、1.Motivation分類：onomatopoeicmotivation擬聲理據(jù),morphologicalmotivation形態(tài)理據(jù),semanticmotivation語義理據(jù),etymologicalmotivation詞源理據(jù).2.Typesofmeaning:grammatical~&lexical~;conceptual~&associative~(connotative~,stylistic~,affective~,collocative~,)Associativemeaning:1)associativemeaningisthesecondarymeaningsupp
2、lementedtotheconceptualmeaning.2)Itdiffersfromtheconceptualmeaninginthatitisopen-endedandindeterminated.3)Itisliabletotheinfluenceofsuchfactorsasculture,experience,religion,geographicalregion,classbackground,education,etc.4)Associativemeaningcomprisesfourtypes:connotative,stylistic,affective,andc
3、ollocative.3.Polysemyisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguagethatonewordhastwoormoresensesormeanings.Diachronicapproachisanapproachtopolysemywhichstudieshowawordderiveditsdifferentmeaningsfromitsprimarymeaninginthecourseoftime.4.同形同音異義關(guān)系Homonymyisoneofthefeaturesofwordsthatawordisdifferentinm
4、eaningfromanother,buteitheridenticalbothinsoundandspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspellingwiththeotherHomonymsgenerallyfallintothreeclasses:perfecthomonyms(samename);homographs(samespelling)andhomophones（somesound）.Perfecthomonymsarethosewordsidenticalbothinsoundandspelling,butdifferentinmeaning,
5、e.g.bear/bea/(n)alargeheavyanimal;bear/bea/(v)toputupwith.Homographsarethewordsidenticalonlyinspellingbutdifferentinsoundandmeaning,e.g.saw//(v)toscatterseeds;sow/sau/(n)femaleadultpig.Homophonesrefertothewordsidenticalonlyinsoundbutdifferentinspellingandmeaning,e.g.dear/dia/(n)alovedperson;deer/
6、dia/(n)akindofanimal.5.同形同音異義詞與多義詞的區(qū)別Perfecthomonymsandpolysemantsarefullyidenticalwithregardtospellingandpronunciation.Thiscreatestheproblemofdifferentiation.Thefundamentaldifferencebetweenhomonymsandpolysemantsliesinthefactthattheformerreferstodifferentwordswhichhappentosharethesameformandthela
7、tteristheoneandsamewordwhichhasseveraldistinguishablemeanings.Oneimportantcriterionistoseetheiretymology,i.e.homonymsarefromdifferentsourceswhereasapolysemantisfromthesamesourcewhichhasacquireddifferentmeaningsinthecou
