資源描述：
《Spatial econometrics introduction英文學(xué)習(xí)教學(xué)教案.ppt》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、IntroductiontoAppliedSpatialEconometricsAttilaVargaDIMETICPécs,July3,2009PrerequisitesBasicstatistics(statisticaltesting)Basiceconometrics(OrdinaryLeastSquaresandMaximumLikelihoodestimations,autocorrelation)EUPatentapplications2002OutlineIntroductionThenatureofspatialdataModellingspaceExplo
2、ratoryspatialdataanalysisSpatialEconometrics:theSpatialLagandSpatialErrormodelsSpecificationdiagnosticsNewdevelopmentsinSpatialEconometricsSoftwareoptionsSpatialEconometrics?Acollectionoftechniquesthatdealwiththepeculiaritiescausedbyspaceinthestatisticalanalysisofregionalsciencemodels”LucAn
3、selin(1988)IncreasingattentiontowardsSpatialEconometricsinEconomicsGrowinginterestinagglomerationeconomies/spillovers–(GeographicalEconomics)DiffusionofGIStechnologyandincreasedavailabilityofgeo-codeddataThenatureofspatialdataDatarepresentation:timeseries(?timeline”)vs.spatialdata(map)Spati
4、aleffects:spatialheterogeneityspatialdependenceSpatialheterogeneityStructuralinstabilityintheformsof:Non-constanterrorvariances(spatialheteroscedasticity)Non-constantcoefficients(variablecoefficients,spatialregimes)Spatialdependence(spatialautocorrelation/spatialassociation)Inspatialdataset
5、s?dependenceispresentinalldirectionsandbecomesweakerasdatalocationsbecomemoreandmoredispersed”(Cressie,1993)Tobler’s‘FirstLawofGeography’:?Everythingisrelatedtoeverythingelse,butnearthingsaremorerelatedthandistantthings.”(Tobler,1979)Spatialdependence(spatialautocorrelation/spatialassociati
6、on)Positivespatialautocorrelation:highorlowvaluesofavariableclusterinspaceNegativespatialautocorrelation:locationsaresurroundedbyneighborswithverydissimilarvaluesofthesamevariableEUPatentapplications2002Spatialdependence(spatialautocorrelation/spatialassociation)Dependenceintimeanddependenc
7、einspace:Time:one-directionalbetweentwoobservationsSpace:two-directionalamongseveralobservationsSpatialdependence(spatialautocorrelation/spatialassociation)Twomainreasons:Measurementerror(dataaggregation)SpatialinteractionbetweenspatialunitsModellingspac
