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1、2014,33(10):1940-1947農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報2014年10月JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience太湖竺山灣小流域果園養(yǎng)分投入特征及其土壤肥力狀況分析*程誼,賈云生,汪玉,趙旭,楊林章,王慎強(中國科學院南京土壤研究所土壤環(huán)境與污染修復重點實驗室,南京210008)摘要:以太湖竺山灣周邊5個鎮(zhèn)為研究區(qū)域,采取資料調(diào)研與實地調(diào)查相結(jié)合的方法分析果園養(yǎng)分投入特征,并采集典型果園土壤樣本評價土壤肥力狀況。結(jié)果表明,太湖流域果園總體氮、磷、鉀平均投入量分別為N522、P-2,其中來自2O5674、
2、K2O462kg·hm于有機肥的比例分別為51.3豫、58.3豫和44.0豫。化學肥主要為氮、磷、鉀三元復合肥,有機肥以雞糞和牛糞為主。土壤有機質(zhì)、全氮、全磷和全鉀含量均處于適宜至很豐富水平,土壤速效磷和速效鉀基本上處于較豐富狀態(tài),氮、磷、鉀養(yǎng)分平均盈余量分別為N320、PO426、KO108kg·hm-2。太湖流域果園氮、磷的高投入不可避免地加大了氮、磷向水體遷移的風險,因而亟待研發(fā)有效的果園節(jié)252氮控磷技術。關鍵詞:太湖流域;果園;氮、磷、鉀投入;有機肥;養(yǎng)分盈余中圖分類號:X158文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1672-204
3、3(2014)10-1940-08doi:10.11654/jaes.2014.10.010NutrientInputsandSoilFertilityStatusinOrchardsofZhushanBayinTaihuLakeWatershedCHENGYi,JIAYun-sheng,WANGYu,ZHAOXu,YANGLin-zhang,WANGShen-qiang*(KeyLaboratoryofSoilEnvironmentandPollutionRemediation,InstituteofSoilScience,C
4、hineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China)Abstract:PlantingaroundtheTaihuLakecontributesgreatlytoitswaterpollution.Inthisresearch,bothliteratureandquestionnairesur-veys(farmerinterview)wereusedtoanalyzenutrientinputstoorchards,andtypicalsoilsampleswerecollectedtoev
5、aluatesoilfertilitysta-tusinthesurroundingfivetownsinZhushanBayinTaihuLakeWatershed.ResultsshowedthataverageratesoftotalN,PandKinputswereN522,PO674andKO462kg·hm-2,respectively,inorchardsinTaihuLakeWatershed.Ofwhich,organicfertilizerinputsaccount-252edfor51.3豫、58.3豫an
6、d44.0豫oftotalN,PandKapplication,respectively.ChemicalfertilizerwasmainlyNPKcompoundfertilizer,whileorganicfertilizerwaschickenandcattlemanure.Soilorganicmatter,totalN,PandKcontentrangedfromappropriatetoveryrich.AvailablePandKcontentsweregenerallyatarichlevel.Theavera
7、gesurplusofN,PandKwereashighasN320、PO42andKO108kg·hm-2,252respectively.HighinputsofNandPtosoilsinevitablyincreasedtheriskofNandPmigrationintowater.ItisnecessarytodevelopeffectivetechniquestocontrolNandPinputswhilemaintainingfruitproductioninorchardinTaihuLakeWatershe
8、d.Keywords:TaihuLakeWatershed;orchard;N,PandKapplication;organicfertilizer;nutrientsurplus近年來,太湖水污染尤其是富營養(yǎng)化日趨加劇,污染所占的比重分別約為58豫和40豫,遠