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1、COMPLETEBUSINESSSTATISTICSbyAMIRD.ACZEL&JAYAVELSOUNDERPANDIAN6thedition.Chapter13QualityControlandImprovementsUsingStatisticsW.EdwardsDemingInstructsStatisticsandQualityThex-barChartTheRChartandthesChartThepChartThecChartThexChartQualityControlandImprovements13Determinewhentouse
2、controlchartsCreatecontrolchartsforsamplemeans,rangesandstandarddeviationsCreatecontrolchartsforsampleproportionsCreatecontrolchartsforthenumberofdefectivesDrawParetochartsusingspreadsheettemplatesDrawcontrolchartsusingspreadsheettemplatesLEARNINGOBJECTIVES13Afterstudyingthischapt
3、eryouwillbeableto:Acontrolchartisatimeplotofastatistic,suchasasamplemean,range,standarddeviation,orproportion,withacenterlineandupperandlowercontrollimits.Thelimitsgivethedesiredrangeofvaluesforthestatistic.Whenthestatisticisoutsidethebounds,orwhenitstimeplotrevealscertainpatterns
4、,theprocessmaybeoutofcontrol.Aprocessisconsideredinstatisticalcontrolifithasnoassignablecauses,onlynaturalvariation.UCLLCLCenterLineTimeValueThispointisoutofthecontrollimits3?3?13-3StatisticsandQualityValueTimeValueTimeProcessisincontrolProcessmeanvariesovertime:processisoutofcont
5、rolControlChartsControlCharts(Continued)TimeValueProcessvariancechangesovertime:processisoutofcontrol.TimeValueProcessmeanandvariancechangeovertime:processisoutofcontrol.AParetodiagramisabarchartofthevariousproblemsinproductionandtheirpercentages,whichmustaddto100%.ParetoDiagrams–
6、UsingtheTemplateAParetocharthelpstoidentifythemostsignificantproblemsandthusonecanconcentrateontheirsolutionsratherthanwastetimeandresourcesonunimportantcauses.Finishedproductsaregroupedinlotsbeforebeingshippedtocustomers.Thelotsarenumbered,andrandomsamplesfromtheselotsareinspecte
7、dforquality.Suchchecksaremadebeforethelotsareshippedandafterthelotsarriveattheirdestination.TherandomsamplesaremeasuredtofindoutwhichandhowmanyitemsdonotmeetspecificationsAlotisrejectedwheneverthesamplemeanexceedsorfallsbelowsomepre-specifiedlimit.AcceptanceSamplingForattributedat
8、a,thelotisrejectedwhenthenumberof