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1、134傳感器與微系統(tǒng)(TransducerandMicrosystemTechnologies)2015年第34卷第3期DOI:10.13873/J.1000-9787(2015)03-0134-03基于權(quán)值和代價(jià)函數(shù)的WSNs非均勻分簇路由算法董國(guó)勇,彭力,吳凡,聞繼偉(江南大學(xué)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程學(xué)院。江蘇無(wú)錫214122)摘要:針對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSNs)中多跳通信造成的“熱區(qū)”等問(wèn)題,提出一種基于權(quán)值和代價(jià)函數(shù)的WSNs非均勻分簇路由(WCF—UC)算法。該算法采用權(quán)值的局部競(jìng)選簇首策略,簇首根據(jù)距離信息等構(gòu)建大小不均的多個(gè)簇,通過(guò)考
2、慮節(jié)點(diǎn)剩余能量、節(jié)點(diǎn)稀疏程度等因素來(lái)保證簇首的最優(yōu)選擇,簇內(nèi)使用鏈?zhǔn)浇Y(jié)構(gòu)代替點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)通信,有效均衡簇內(nèi)通信能耗。采用簇間多跳路由算法,使用一個(gè)代價(jià)函數(shù),兼顧簇首剩余能量、簇內(nèi)成員節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量和位置信息,確定最優(yōu)能量路徑,完成簇間信息傳輸,平衡簇間通信能耗。仿真結(jié)果表明:與LEACH,HEED,EEUC等算法相比,該算法能夠有效地均衡節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗,延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期。關(guān)鍵詞:無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò);權(quán)值;非均勻分簇;代價(jià)函數(shù);路由協(xié)議中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TP393文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1000-9787(2015)03-0134-03Uunevencluster
3、ing~routingalgt~orithmftorWWSNsSbasedonweightandcostfunctionDONGGuo—yong,PENGLi,WUFan,WENJi—wei(SchoolofInternetofThings,JiangnanUniversity,Wuxi214122,China)Abstract:Aimingat‘hotspot’probleminwirelesssensornetworks(WSNs),causedbymulti-hopcommunication,animprovedunevencl
4、usteringroutingalgorithmbasedonweightandcostfunctions(WCF—UC)isproposed.Theclusterheadisselectedaccordingtoweight,andconstructsmultipleclusterswithsizeaccordingtothedistanceinformation.Thisalgorithm,throughconsideringfactorssuchasnoderesidualenergyandnodedensitytoguaran
5、teetheoptimalchoiceofclusterhead,linkstructureisusedtoreplacepointtopointcommunicationinclusters,henceenergyconsumptioninclusteriseffectivelybalanced.Meanwhileadoptmulti-hoproutingalgorithm,usesacostfunction,consideringresidualenergyofclusterhead,clusternodenumber,andpo
6、sitioninformationtodeterminetheoptimalenergypathinordertocompleteinformationtransmissionandbalancecommunicationenergyconsumptionamongclusters.SimulationresultsshowthatcomparedwithLEACH,HEEDandEEUC,WCF—UCalgorithmhasbetterperformanceofbalancingnodeenergyconsumptionandpro
7、longnetworklifecycle.Keywords:wirelesssensornetworks(WSNs);weight;unevenclustering;costfunction;routingprotocol0引言后以簇內(nèi)部通信代價(jià)的高低來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)生最終簇首。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(wirelesssensornetworks,WSNs)節(jié)點(diǎn)LEACH—CS以跨區(qū)距離的約束來(lái)自定義合適的多跳路由由于能量受限等特點(diǎn)嚴(yán)重影響了其網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能,因此,WSNs方案,通過(guò)均勻分簇、多跳路由一定程度上平衡了簇首的能協(xié)議的首要設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)就是要高效地使
8、用傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的能量消耗,但是距離Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)近的簇首會(huì)因轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)大量數(shù)據(jù)而量,延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)存活時(shí)間。能耗較大,容易導(dǎo)致“熱區(qū)”問(wèn)題。研究人員們陸續(xù)提出了分簇路由協(xié)議。Heinzel—針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,李成法等人提出了EEUC非均勻分