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1、第36卷第12期人民黃河Vo1.36.No.122014年12月YELLOWRIVERDee..2014【水環(huán)境與水生態(tài)】柔性植物消浪及沿程阻流特性試驗(yàn)研究吳迪,馮衛(wèi)兵,石麒琳(河海大學(xué)港口海岸與近海工程學(xué)院,江蘇南京210098)摘要:采用聚乙烯仿真綠色植物模擬柔性植物,通過物理模型試驗(yàn)研究了柔性植物對波高和斷面流速分布的影響,結(jié)果表明:波高消減系數(shù)大小與水流速度大小無明顯關(guān)系;植物出水0.5倍波高時(shí)消浪效果最好,水深越大波浪消減效果越差;柔性植物使斷面流速在植被上部冠層區(qū)域減小,特別是植被帶中和植被帶下游邊緣處,冠層區(qū)域流速減小顯著
2、;水流通過植被帶以后,在植被帶下游斷面流速垂向分布逐漸恢復(fù)至與上游斷面一致,但大流速情況下流速恢復(fù)較慢;波流共同作用下斷面流速的垂向分布與純流速作用下基本一致,但在波浪作用下斷面流速減小區(qū)域有下移趨勢。關(guān)鍵詞:柔性植物;波高消減系數(shù);斷面流速分布;波高中圖分類號:TV877文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1000—1379.2014.12.025APhysicalModelStudyoftheEfectoftheFlexibleVegetationonWaveHeightAttenuationandAlongtheW
3、ayofFlowStructureWUDi,F(xiàn)ENGWei·bing,SHIQi—lin(CollegeofHarbourCostalandOffshoreEngineering,HohaiUniversity,Nanjing210098,China)Abstract:Theexperimenttookthewayofusingpolyethylenegreenerytosimulateflexibleplant,anditalsostudiedtheinfluencewhichflexibleplanthadonthewaveheig
4、htandcross—sectionvelocitydistribution.Theresultshowsthefollowingconclusions.Firstly,thechangeofwavesofre—ductioncoefficienthasnoobviousregularitywhenflowvelocitychanges.Secondly,wavedissipatingeffectisquiteobviouswhenplantsthatpassthevegetationzoneare0.5timesashighaswav
5、eheight.Besides,thedeeperthewateris,theworsethewavedissipatingeffectis.Thirdly,flexibleplantsreducecross—sectionflowvelocityintheregionoftheuppervegetationcanopy.Andflowvelocityincanopyareadecreasesignificantlyespe—ciallyinandatthedownstreamedgeofthevegetationzone.Cross—
6、sectionvelocityverticaldistributioninthedownstreamofvegetationzonegoesgraduallyclosertotheoneintheupperafterthewaterflowsthrouIghplants,butitchangessloweratlargeflowvelocities.Cross—sectionvelocityveaiealdistributionundertheactionofwaveandflowtogetherisalmostthesameasjus
7、tundertheactionoftheflow,butcross—sectionflowvelocitydecreasedareahasthedownwardtrendundertheactionofwaveandflow.Keywords:flexiblevegetation;coeficientofattenuation;verticalofflow;cross—sectionvelocitydistribution河道、海洋沿岸種植水生植物不僅能夠起到消波緩流、促功能數(shù)據(jù)采集及處理系統(tǒng)。試驗(yàn)流速采用16MHzMicroADV使岸
8、灘淤積的作用,而且有助于岸灘生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)?,F(xiàn)有研聲學(xué)多普勒流速儀測量。究多集中于河流植物護(hù)岸的水流結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)、純波浪條件下1.2試驗(yàn)材料植被的消浪特性等方面,而實(shí)際上多數(shù)水生植物受水流、波浪真實(shí)植物上下部分