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1、大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的隱私保護(hù)：挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇張振杰博士伊利諾伊大學(xué)高等數(shù)字科學(xué)中心Outline?Whyprivacy??PrivacyAttackingExamples?Oldmodelsandlimitations–K-anonymity–L-diversity?DifferentialPrivacyPublishingsensitivedataaboutindividuals.?Medicalresearch–Whattreatmentshavethebestoutcomes?–Howcanwerecognizetheonsetofdiseaseearlier?–Arecerta
2、indrugsbetterforcertainphenotypes??Websearch–Whatarepeoplereallylookingforwhentheysearch?–Howcanwegivethemthemostauthoritativeanswers??Publichealth–Whereareouroutbreaksofunpleasantdiseases?–Whatbehaviorpatternsorpatientcharacteristicsarecorrelatedwiththesediseases?Today,accesstothesedatase
3、tsisusuallystrictlycontrolled.Onlyavailable:?Insidethecompany/agencythatcollectedthedataSocietywould?Oraftersigningalegalcontractbenefitifwecould–Clickstreams,taxidata?Orinverycoarse-grainedsummariespublishsomeuseful–Publichealthformofthedata,?Orafteraverylongwaitwithouthavingto–USCensusda
4、tadetails?Orwithdefiniteprivacyissuesworryaboutprivacy.–USCensusreports,theAOLclickstream,oldNIHdbGaPsummarytables,Enronemail?OrwithIRB(InstitutionalReviewBoard)approval–dbGaPsummarytablesWhyisaccesssostrictlycontrolled?Nooneshouldlearnwhohadwhichdisease.“Microdata”Whatifwe“de-identify”the
5、recordsbyremovingnames?publishWecanre-identifypeople,absolutelyorprobabilisticallyAvoterregistrationlistThepublishedtableQuasi-identifier(QI)attributes“Backgroundknowledge”87%ofAmericanscanbeuniquelyidentifiedby{zipcode,gender,dateofactually63%birth}.[Golle06]LatanyaSweeney[InternationalJo
6、urnalonUncertainty,FuzzinessandKnowledge-basedSystems,2002]usedthisapproachtore-identifythemedicalrecordofanex-governorofMassachusetts.Outline?Whyprivacy??PrivacyAttackingExamples?Oldmodelsandlimitations–K-anonymity–L-diversity?DifferentialPrivacyRealquerylogscanbeveryusefultoCSresearchers
7、.Butclickhistorycanuniquelyidentifyaperson.WhattheNewYorkTimesdid:–FindalllogentriesforAOLuser4417749–MultiplequeriesforbusinessesandservicesinLilburn,GA(population11K)–SeveralqueriesforJarrettArnold?Lilburnha
