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1、中國(guó)虐虧通提2013,29(36):232—235ChineseAgriculturalScienceBulletin不同時(shí)期干旱對(duì)玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量的影響姜鵬,李曼華,薛曉萍,李鴻怡(山東省氣象臺(tái),濟(jì)南250031;山東省氣候中心,濟(jì)南250031)摘要:為探明不同時(shí)期的干旱對(duì)玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量的影響,以‘浚單20’為試驗(yàn)材料,分別在拔節(jié)一抽穗期和抽穗一乳熟期進(jìn)行水分控制處理,令土壤水分分別控制在田間持水量的40%(重旱)和60%(輕旱),以自然生長(zhǎng)(CK1)為對(duì)照,分析了不同發(fā)育階段不同程度的干旱對(duì)玉米生長(zhǎng)發(fā)
2、育及產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:不同時(shí)期的干旱對(duì)玉米的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育有抑制作用,具體表現(xiàn)為株高變矮,葉面積降低,干物重減少,玉米各個(gè)產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素(穗長(zhǎng)、穗粒數(shù)、百粒重等)在受旱時(shí)都呈下降趨勢(shì)。與自然生長(zhǎng)(CK1)~8比,拔節(jié)一抽穗期遭受重旱(G1)的玉米,生長(zhǎng)至乳熟期,株高偏低26.1%,葉面積下降30.9%,果穗長(zhǎng)、穗粒數(shù)、百粒重分別下降27.6%、46.5%和8.7%;抽穗一乳熟期遭受重旱(G3)的玉米,生長(zhǎng)至乳熟期,株高偏低21.7%,葉面積下降23.6%,果穗長(zhǎng)、穗粒數(shù)、百粒重分別下降36.1%、60.5%和30.2
3、%。說(shuō)明干旱是制約玉米高產(chǎn)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因子,特別是抽穗一乳熟期遭受重旱,玉米產(chǎn)量降幅更大。關(guān)鍵詞:玉米;干旱;拔節(jié)期;抽穗期;產(chǎn)量中圖分類號(hào):S513文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A論文編號(hào):2013.0406EfectsofDroughtontheGrowthandYieldofMaizeatDiferentStageJiangPeng,LiManhua2,XueXiaoping2,LiHongyi(ShandongProvincialMeteorologicalObservatory,Ji’nan250031;ShandongP
4、rovincialClimateCenter,Ji’nan250031)Abstract:Theobjectiveoftheexperimentwastoclarifytheeffectofdroughtonthegrowthandyieldofmaizeatdifferentstage,maizecuhivar(‘Xundan20’)weregrewinfields,forwatercontrolprocessinginjointingtoheadingstageandheadingtomilkstage.To
5、controlsoilmoistureinthefield,respectivelyis40%(severedrought)ofwaterholdingcapacityand60%(1ightdrought),withnaturalgrowth(CK1)forcomparison,analysisofthedifferentdevelopmentstagesofdifferentdegreesofdroughtonmaizegrowthandyieldinfluence.Theresultsindicatedth
6、at,differentperiodsofdroughthadanegativeeffectonthegrowthofmaize,forexample,shorterplantheightandsmallerleafareaandreduceddrymatterweight.Themaizeearlength,grainnumberperearand100一kernelweightreducedatdifferentperiodsofdrought.ComparedwiththeCK1,whenthemaizes
7、ufferedseveredroughtfromjointingtoheadingperiods,theplantheightandleafareaatmilkripestagedecreasedby26.1%and30.9%,respectively,theearlength,grainnumberperearand100-kernelweightdecreasedby27.6%.46.5%and8.7%.Whenthemaizesufferedseveredroughtfromheadingtomilkrip
8、eperiods,theplantheightandleafareaatmilkripestagedecreasedby21.7%and23.6%,respectively,theearlength,grainnumberperearand100-kernelweightdecreasedby36.1%,60.5%and30.2%.Droughtwasakeyfactor