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1、應用生態(tài)學報2010年2月第21卷第2期ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Feb.2010,21(2):279-286不同地表覆蓋方式對蘋果園土壤性狀*及果樹生長和產(chǎn)量的影響11,2**1,21張義謝永生郝明德攝曉燕12(西北農(nóng)林科技大學資源環(huán)境學院,陜西楊凌712100;中國科學院/水利部水土保持研究所,陜西楊凌712100)摘要以黃土高原9年生紅富士果園生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為對象,研究不同地表覆蓋模式(清耕、生草覆蓋、地膜覆蓋、秸稈覆蓋和砂石覆蓋)對果園土壤性狀及果樹生長和產(chǎn)量的影響.結(jié)果表明:生草覆蓋土壤水分剖面分異最低,砂石覆蓋
2、土壤水分剖面分異最高;砂石覆蓋提高了根層水分含量,有利于果樹對水分的利用.不同地表覆蓋模式土壤熱量狀況變化顯著,處理間差異明顯,極端最高溫度下降,但地膜覆蓋處理夏季地溫超過果樹根系生長的上限溫度,對果樹根系生長和生理功能發(fā)揮不利.除地膜覆蓋外,其他地表覆蓋模式均能提高土壤CO2釋放速率,其中生草覆蓋的效果最為顯著.不同地表覆蓋模式對果樹枝條類型比例及產(chǎn)量影響較大,砂石覆蓋處理的中短枝比例和果實產(chǎn)量最高;生草覆蓋處理的果實產(chǎn)量最低.因子分析結(jié)果表明,對于黃土高原溝壑區(qū)盛果期果園,砂石覆蓋處理是較為適宜的地表覆蓋模式.關(guān)鍵詞果園生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤管理土壤水分地溫
3、土壤呼吸文章編號1001-9332(2010)02-0279-08中圖分類號S152,S154文獻標識碼AEffectsofdifferentpatternssurfacemulchingonsoilpropertiesandfruittreesgrowthand11,21,21yieldinanappleorchard.ZHANGYi,XIEYong-sheng,HAOMing-de,SHEXiao-yan1(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentScience,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling
4、712100,2Shaanxi,China;InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,ChineseAcademyofSciences&MinistryofWaterResources,Yangling712100,Shaanxi,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2010,21(2):279-286.Abstract:Takinganine-year-oldFujiappleorchardinLoessPlateauastestobjec,tthispaperstudiedtheeffectsofdif
5、ferentpatternssurfacemulching(cleantillage,grasscover,plasticfilmmulch,strawmulch,andgravelmulch)onthesoilpropertiesandfruittreesgrowthandyieldinthisorchard.Grasscoverinducedthelowestdifferentiationofsoilmoistureprofile,whilegravelmulchinducedthehighestone.Intreatmentgravelmulch
6、,thesoilmoisturecontentinappletreesrootzonewasthehighes,twhichmeantthattherewasmorewateravailabletoappletrees.Surfacemulchinghadsignificanteffectsonsoiltemperature,andgenerallyresultedinadecreaseinthemaximumsoiltemperature.Theexceptionwastreatmentplasticfilmmulch,inwhich,thesoil
7、tem-peratureinsummerexceededthemaximumallowabletemperatureforcontinuousrootgrowthandphysiologicalfunction.Withtheexceptionoftreatmentplasticfilmmulch,surfacemulchingin-creasedthesoilCO2flux,whichwasthehighestintreatmentgrasscover.Surfacemulchingalsoa-ffectedtheproportionofvariou
8、sbranchtypesandfruityield.Theproportionofmedium
