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1、作物學(xué)報ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2009,35(1):104?109http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00104灌溉和種植模式對冬小麥播前土壤含水量的消耗及水分利用效率的影響1,22,*22李全起陳雨海周勛波余松烈12山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)水利土木工程學(xué)院,山東泰安271018;山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院/作物生物學(xué)國家重點實驗室,山
2、東泰安271018摘要:為探討華北平原地區(qū)冬小麥節(jié)水栽培的生產(chǎn)措施,2004—2006年,以冬小麥品種8049為試驗材料,在大田4種灌溉條件下,研究了等行距平作、寬窄行平作、溝播和壟作4種種植模式對播前土壤含水量消耗及冬小麥耗水量、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響。結(jié)果表明,與等行距平作相比,另3種模式增加了播前土壤含水量的消耗,其耗水量顯著提高,尤以溝播模式30cm以下播前土壤含水量的消耗最為明顯。和等行距平作相比,在灌拔節(jié)水+抽穗水和灌拔節(jié)水+抽穗水+灌漿水條件下,溝播模式顯著提高冬小麥產(chǎn)量;而壟作模式的產(chǎn)量沒有顯著提高。在灌
3、拔節(jié)水或灌拔節(jié)水+抽穗水條件下,溝播種植模式的水分利用效率顯著高于其他3種種植模式。在本試驗條件下,溝播種植結(jié)合灌拔節(jié)水或灌拔節(jié)水+抽穗水是一種值得推廣的節(jié)水種植模式。關(guān)鍵詞:節(jié)水栽培;平作;壟作;溝播;冬小麥;播前土壤含水量;水分利用效率EffectsofIrrigationandPlantingPatternsonConsumptionofSoilMois-turebeforeSowingandWaterUseEfficiencyinWinterWheat1,22,*22LIQuan-Qi,CHENYu-Hai,ZHO
4、UXun-Bo,andYUSong-Lie12CollegeofWaterConservancyandCivilEngineering,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai’an271018,China;AgronomyCollege,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity/NationalKeyLaboratoryofCropBiology,Tai’an271018,ChinaAbstract:InNorthChinaPlain,winterwheat(Triticu
5、maestivumL.)iscommonlywateredwithfloodirrigationduringitsgrowthperiod.Thisresultsinnotonlyverylowwateruseefficiency(WUE)ofirrigation,butalsothereductionofgroundwaterlevelbecauseofoverexploitationinthisarea.Tostudywater-savingtechniquesinwinterwheatproduction,theef
6、fectsofirrigationandplantingpatternsontheconsumptionofsoilmoisturebeforesowing(SMBS),evapotranspiration,grainyield,andWUEwereinvestigatedusingawinterwheatcultivar“8049”in2004–2005and2005–2006growingseasons.Thefourplantingpatternswereuniform(30cm)row(traditionalpat
7、tern),wide(40cm)–narrow(20cm)row,furrow(doublelinesinthefurrowwith20cmspac-ing,and40cmbetweenfurrows),andbed(doublelinesonthebedwith20cmspacing,and40cmbetweenbeds).Eachplantingpatternhadfourirrigationtreatments,i.e.,noirrigation,oneirrigationatjointingstage,twoirr
8、igationsatjointingandheadingstages,threeirrigationsatjointing,heading,andmilkingstages.Comparedwithuniformrowpattern,theconsumptionofsoilmoisturewasmuch