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1、中國石油勘探第l9卷第4期CHINAPETROLEUMEXPLORATION2014年7月DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2014.04.002中國陸上湖相碳酸鹽巖地質(zhì)特征及勘探潛力閏偉鵬楊濤李欣黃福喜吳曉智唐惠(中國石油勘探開發(fā)研究院)摘要:湖相碳酸鹽巖在中國古生代、中一新生代陸相沉積盆地中廣泛發(fā)育,油氣勘探證實具生油和儲油能力,自1956年在四川盆地獲得發(fā)現(xiàn)以來,至2012年底,已在四川、渤海灣、柴達木等盆地探明湖相碳酸鹽巖油氣田63個,探明石油地質(zhì)儲量5.97×10t。中國陸上湖相碳酸鹽巖的形成和分布受控于構(gòu)造
2、背景、氣候、物源供給和海侵等多方面因素,主要發(fā)育生物礁型和復(fù)雜巖性型兩類湖相碳酸鹽巖,除分布局限的生物礁外,儲層物性總體較差,為典型的致密油儲層。湖相碳酸鹽巖儲層多與烴源巖互層或共生發(fā)育,具備較好的成藏條件,油氣富集高產(chǎn)受沉積相、裂縫發(fā)育和構(gòu)造位置等多因素控制,甜點預(yù)測難度大。中國陸上以湖相碳酸鹽巖為主要儲層的致密油分布范圍廣、資源潛力大,評價認(rèn)為分布面積在10×10km以上,地質(zhì)資源量在57X10t以上,具有良好的勘探開發(fā)前景。關(guān)鍵詞:湖相碳酸鹽巖;地質(zhì)特征;控制因素;致密油;資源潛力中圖分類號:TEl12文獻標(biāo)識碼:AGeological
3、CharacteristicsandHydrocarbonExplorationPotentialofLacustrineCarbonateRockinChinaYanWeipeng,YangTao,LiXin,HuangFuxi,WuXiaozhi,TangHui(PetroChinaResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development)Abstract:Lacustrinecarbonaterockiswidelydevelopedin恤ePaleozoicandMeso.Cenozoic
4、continentalsedimentarybasinsinChina.Oilandgasexplorationhasconfirmedlacustrinecarbonaterockishydrocarbonsourcerockandreservoirrock.Bytheendof2012,atotalof63oilandgasfieldsoflacustrinecarbonaterockhavebeenproveninSichuanBasin,BohaiBayBasinandQaidamBasinsincethediscoveryWasma
5、deinSichuanBasinin1956.Theprovenoilinplacereached5.97x10t.DevelopmentanddistributionofChina’Sonshore1acustrinecarbonaterockiscontrolledbyanumberoffactors,suchasstructuralbackground,paleo—climate,sedimentarysourcerechargeandmarineinvasion,withdevelopmentoftwomaintypesoflacus
6、trinecarbonaterock—reefandcomplexlithology.Generallyspeaking,thepetrophysicalpropertiesofreservoirsarepoor,exceptforreefreservoirs.Theyaretypicalcompactoilreservoirs.Reservoirsoflacustrinecarbonaterockareofteninterbeddedwithhydrocarbonsourcerockandhavegoodconditionsforhydro
7、carbonaccumulations.HydrocarbonabundanceiScontrolledbysedimentaryfacies,fracturedevelopmentandstructurallocation.Itisdifficulttopredictthesweetspot.CompactoilreservoirsmainlycomposedoflacustrinecarbonicrockareextensivedistributedinChinawithagreatpotentialforresources.Assess
8、mentindicatesthatthedistributedareaexceedslOx104knl2whiletheamountofgeologicalreso