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1、江西農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)2014,26(9):80~85ActaAgrieulturaeJiangxi近52年來(lái)武漢市氣候變化特征分析曹小雪,黃建武,揭毅(華中師范大學(xué)城市與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,湖北武漢430079)摘要:利用1961~2012年武漢市氣候觀測(cè)資料,應(yīng)用線性傾向估計(jì)、累積距平、Mann—Kend~l突變檢驗(yàn)等方法對(duì)武漢市52a氣候變化的主要特征進(jìn)行了分析,并與湖北其他站點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了比較。結(jié)果表明:近52a來(lái),武漢市降水量總體表現(xiàn)出在波動(dòng)中略呈上升的趨勢(shì),70年代為顯著的少雨期,多雨期主要集中在20世紀(jì)80—9O年代,降水量在1979
2、年發(fā)生突變。平均氣溫顯著升高,增溫速率明顯高于全國(guó)和湖北省水平,90年代以來(lái)增溫尤為突出,并在1993年前后出現(xiàn)了突變點(diǎn),進(jìn)入了一個(gè)相對(duì)偏暖的氣候態(tài)。日照時(shí)數(shù)在波動(dòng)中下降明顯,1986年前后是近52a來(lái)的顯著突變點(diǎn)。平均相對(duì)濕度呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì),20世紀(jì)90年代以后,下降幅度尤其明顯,于1977年前后發(fā)生突變。武漢市氣候變化總體表現(xiàn)出降水略升,氣溫升高,日照減少,平均相對(duì)濕度降低的暖干化趨勢(shì)。對(duì)比其他站點(diǎn)來(lái)看,20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),湖北省暖干化現(xiàn)象明顯,武漢是其典型地區(qū)。關(guān)鍵詞:氣候變化;降水量;氣溫;日照時(shí)數(shù);相對(duì)濕度;武漢
3、中圖分類號(hào):P463.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1001—8581(2014)09—0080—06AnalysisofCharacteristicsofClimateChangesinWuhanCityinRecent52YearsCAOXiao—xue,HUANGJian—Wll,JIEYi(CollegeofUrban&EnvironmentalSciences,CentralChinaNormalUniversity,Wuhan430079,China)Abstract:Accordingtotheannualclima
4、ticdatainWuhancityfrom1961to2012.theclimatechangefeaturesofWuhancityinrecent52yearswereanalyzedbyusinglineartendencyestimatemethod。accumulativeanomalymethod,andMann—Kendallmu—tationtest.Theresultsindicatedthat:inrecent52years,theprecipitationofWuhancityincreasedfain
5、tlyinfluctuation.therewasasignificantlyrarerainperiodinthe1970sandapluvialperiodinthe1980sand1990s,andprecipitationmutationoccurredin1979;theannualmeanairtemperatureincreasedobviouslywithahighertemperature—increasingrate,showedasignificantrisesincethe1990s,ajumpoccu
6、rredin1993,andthenitenteredarelativelywarnlclimatestate;thesunshinedurationmarkedlyde—creasedinfluctuation,andrevealedaremarkablemutationalsitearound1986;theaveragerelativehumidityshowedadecreasingtrendinfluctuation,especiallyafterenteringthe1990s,andithadanabruptch
7、angein1977.Theoverallchangingtendencyofcli—mateinWuhanwasgettingwarmeranddrier,whichwascharacterizedmainlybyslightincreaseinprecipitation,obviousincreaseinairtemperature,significantdecreaseinsunshinedurationandaveragerelativehumidity.Comparedwithotherweatherstations
8、,theclimateinHubeiprovincehasalsodemonstratedawarmanddrytrendsincethe1990s,andWuhanisthetypicalcityofthisprov-ince.Keywords:Climatechange;