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1、上海農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)2014,30(3):102—105ActaAgriculturaeShanghai文章編號(hào):1000.3924(2014)03.102.04水稻惡苗病菌的生物學(xué)特性研究黃玉人,趙杰,唐趙蓮,支月娥(上海市浦東新區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)服務(wù)中心,上海201201;上海市浦東新區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心,上海201201;上海市浦東新區(qū)青少年活動(dòng)中心,上海201300;上海交通大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)與生物學(xué)院,上海200240)摘要:研究了水稻惡苗病菌(串珠鐮孢)的生物學(xué)特性,結(jié)果表明:麥芽糖瓊脂培養(yǎng)基和察貝克氏培養(yǎng)基最適合病菌菌絲的
2、生長,PSA培養(yǎng)基最適宜孢子的產(chǎn)生;菌絲生長的適宜溫度為5~35℃(最適30℃),適宜pH為6~10,菌落產(chǎn)孢的最適pH為8;菌絲和孢子的致死溫度為5O℃;光照條件對(duì)菌落生長影響不明顯,但以全暗條件下產(chǎn)孢量最大;在測試的碳源中,鼠李糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖最適宜菌絲生長,甘露醇和淀粉最適宜產(chǎn)孢;氮源中以硝酸鉀最適宜菌絲生長,尿素最適宜產(chǎn)孢。生理生化特性測定結(jié)果表明:水稻惡苗病菌對(duì)孔雀石綠不敏感,對(duì)淀粉和硝態(tài)氮的利用能力較強(qiáng)。關(guān)鍵詞:稻惡苗?。淮殓犳?;生物學(xué)特性;生化特性中圖分類號(hào):$435.111文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
3、StudyonbiologicalcharacteristicsofFusariummoniliformeSheledHUANGYu.ren,ZHAOJie。,。,TANGZhao.1ian。,ZHIYue.e(PudongNewDistrictAgriculturalServiceCenter,Shanghai201201,China;。PudongNewDistrictAgro_TPc0Z0gExtensionCenter,Shanghai201201,China;。PudongTeenagers’C
4、entre。Shanghai201300,China;SchoolofAgricultureandBiology,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200240。China)Abstract:ThestudyshowedthatmaltagarandtheCzapek’Smediumwerethebestforthemycelia1growthofFusariummoniliformeandthePSAmediumwasthebestforthesporeproduct
5、ion;Thesuit—ableconditionsforthemycelialgrowthwere5—35℃(theoptimumtemperaturewas30℃)andpH6—10,andtheoptimumpHwas8forthesporeproduction;Thelethaltemperatureofthemyceliumandsporewas50℃;Lightconditionhadlesseffectonthecolonygrowth.butthesporeproductionwasthe
6、maximumindarkness;Ascarbonsources,rhamnose,dextroseandsaccharosewerethemostfa.vorableforthemycelialgrowth,andmannitolandamylumwerethemostfavorableforthesporepro—duction;Asnitrogensources,niterwasthemostfavorableforthemycelialgrowth.a(chǎn)ndcarbamidewasthemostf
7、avorableforthesporeproduction.ThedeterminationofthephysiologicalandbiochemicalcharacteristicsshowedthatF.moniliformewasinsensitivetomalachitegreenandhadahighabilitytoutilizestarchandnitratenitrogen.Keywords:Bakanaediseaseofrice;Fusariummoniliforme;Biologi
8、calcharacteristics;Biochemicalproperty水稻是我國最主要的糧食作物,其種植面積和產(chǎn)量均居糧食作物的首位。水稻惡苗病(FusariummoniliformeSheled)又名徒長病、白稈病,在水稻苗期至穗期均可發(fā)病,全國稻區(qū)普遍發(fā)生。目前浦東新區(qū)水稻栽培由傳統(tǒng)的直播和人工移栽為主,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)插秧為主,加上主栽品種抗病性不強(qiáng),惡苗病已急劇上升為主要病害,苗期自然發(fā)病率可達(dá)15%~20%,少數(shù)重