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1、SeriesNo.459金砥琴燦總第459期September2014MEIIALMINE2014年第9期桑園鐵礦露天轉(zhuǎn)地下開采方法的選擇徐興華(北京建昌礦業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司,北京密云101504)摘要露天轉(zhuǎn)地采礦山一般選用基建周期短和采礦成本低的地下采礦方法,如崩落法。然而,隨著環(huán)保和土地保護(hù)的要求,礦山的開采一般不允許產(chǎn)生新的地表塌陷,轉(zhuǎn)而采用充填法,對露天轉(zhuǎn)地下礦山過渡時(shí)期的經(jīng)營不利產(chǎn)生不利影響。由于露天開采已經(jīng)對露天境界內(nèi)地表造成了破壞,允許二次破壞,桑園鐵礦提出了上部采用崩落法,下部采用充填法技術(shù)方案。為此,采用工程類比法和L
2、aubseher法初步選定崩落法開采的高度,采用離散元的數(shù)值計(jì)算方法,開展了崩落采礦高度和碎石覆蓋層厚度聯(lián)合選擇研究,最終確定崩落法采礦的深度為108m、碎石覆蓋層的厚度為40m。經(jīng)濟(jì)分析表明,桑園鐵礦采用上部崩落法下部充填法聯(lián)合開采,不僅可推遲充填站建設(shè)時(shí)間,而且節(jié)省約1億元采礦成本。關(guān)鍵詞露天轉(zhuǎn)地下崩落法充填法碎石覆蓋層聯(lián)合開采中圖分類號TU8o4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼A文章編號1001—1250(2014)-09一D21-06SelectionofMiningMethodofTransformingfromOpen-pittoUnderg
3、roundforSangyuanIronMineXuXinghua(8e0/ngJiangchangMiningCo.,Ltd.,Miyun101504,China)AbstractSomeminingmethodssuchascavingmethod,whichhaveshortconstructionperiodandlowminingcost,areof-tenselectedformineschangingfromopen-pittounderground.However,asecologicalandenvironment
4、alprotectiongettingmoreandmoreattention,SH/~acecollapseinducedbyundergroundminingisnotpermitteds0thatupwardbackfilingmethodwithrela-tivelongerconstructionperiodandlargerinvestmenttendtobeadoptedbymine,whichisharmfultominemanagementintransi—tionperiod.Open—pitmininghasa
5、lreadycauseddamagetothesurface,SOcollapseispermittedinsidetheopen—pitlimit,there-foreSangyuanminedecidetocombinecavingandbackfillingmethodforitstransitiontoundergroundmining.Firstly,theengi—neeringcharacteristicofSangyuanMineisintroduced.Then,engineeringanalogymethodan
6、dLaubschermethodaleusedforpreliminarychoosingthedepthofcavemining.Finally,basedonthecouplinganalysisofblockdistinctelementmethod(DEM)andparticleDEM,thedepthofcavernjnir培andthethicknessofcoveringlayeraledetermined.Economicanalysisshowedthat,withthecombinedminingmethodSa
7、ngyuanmineCannotonlyovercomedificultiesintransitionperiod,butalsosaveminingcostuptonearly100millionYuan.KeywordsTransitionfromopen—pittounderground,Cavingmethod,Backfilingmethod,Gravelcoveringlayer,Combinedminingmethod對于地表淺部的礦體,當(dāng)?shù)V床賦存條件對開采方地下開采這一過渡時(shí)期。隨著露天礦山產(chǎn)量的逐漸下式不限時(shí),應(yīng)首
8、先采用露天開采。這主要因?yàn)槁短旖?,生產(chǎn)能力的銜接等問題直接影響整個(gè)礦山的正常開采相對于地下開采有著較多的優(yōu)點(diǎn),如建設(shè)投產(chǎn)快、生產(chǎn)J。因此,很多礦山在尋求露天邊緣礦的同時(shí)J,礦石產(chǎn)量高、勞動效率高、開采成本低、礦石貧化損失也在提前加快地