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1、被動語態(tài)用法詳解(一)語態(tài)分類英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動,而英語用:助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的用法:1.不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。.Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday..2.沒有必要指
2、出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。.Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.3.需要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者。..Hewasbadlyhurtintheaccidentyesterday.4漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時。WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao5某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動語態(tài)。HewasborninOctober,1988.Note:1.用于被動語態(tài)中的動詞是及物動詞,不及物動詞不能用被動語態(tài).WorldWarIItookplaceinEurope.(right)Worl
3、dWarIIwastakenplaceinEurope.(wrong)2.反身代詞在句中作賓語時,不能用被動語態(tài).HetaughthimselfEnglish.(right)HimselfwastaughtEnglishbyhim.(wrong)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語(注意代詞的格的轉(zhuǎn)換)。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu);(注意人稱,數(shù),時態(tài)的一致)。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的by短語。(①by短語可以省。②by短語后跟代詞的賓格。)by
4、theteacher..Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions.Heisaskedquestions歌訣是:賓變主,主變賓,by短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動,be后“過分”來使用。主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(1)把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。(2)把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過去分詞)(根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù),以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。(3)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語,將主格改為賓格。例如:Allthepeoplelaugheda
5、thim.----Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.-----Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.1TheyplayfootballonSunday.2Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.3Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.4WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.
6、ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.注意:1被動句中的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和被動句中的主語一致2被動句的時態(tài)要和主動句一致3(注意主動句中的賓語(的賓格)要變成被動句的主語(的主格)4(by+賓格)//其他成分照抄不變常見的八種時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時:(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Rice
7、isgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.1.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm.bythemlastterm.2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+過去分詞lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslas
8、tyear.ManytreeswereplantedTencomputerswerebought3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):willbe+過去分詞1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.4.含有情態(tài)動