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1、DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2013.01.051第34卷第1期環(huán)境科學(xué)Vol.34,No.12013年1月ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEJan.,2013人工濕地在應(yīng)用中存在的問題及解決措施11,21,3黃錦樓,陳琴,許連煌(1.中國科學(xué)院生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心城市與區(qū)域生態(tài)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京100085;2.貴州大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院,貴陽550025;3.武夷學(xué)院環(huán)境與建筑工程系,武夷山354300)摘要:人工濕地是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種污水生態(tài)處理工程技術(shù),它將污水處理和環(huán)
2、境生態(tài)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來,在有效處理污水的同時(shí)也美化了環(huán)境,創(chuàng)造了生態(tài)景觀,帶來了環(huán)境效益和一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益.人工濕地自發(fā)展以來,以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)廣受人們關(guān)注,并廣泛應(yīng)用于處理生活污水、工業(yè)廢水、礦山及石油開采廢水等.但是人工濕地在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過程中也暴露出了很多問題,如易受氣候條件和溫度的影響,基質(zhì)易飽和易堵塞,易受植物種類影響,占地面積較大,管理不合理,設(shè)計(jì)不規(guī)范,生態(tài)服務(wù)功能單一等,這些問題在一定程度上影響了人工濕地對(duì)污水的處理效果,縮短了人工濕地的使用壽命,阻礙了人工濕地的推廣應(yīng)用.針對(duì)目前人工濕地在應(yīng)
3、用中存在的這些問題提出了相應(yīng)的解決措施,提高人工濕地對(duì)污水的處理效果,期望能夠?yàn)槿斯竦氐膽?yīng)用及推廣提供參考.關(guān)鍵詞:人工濕地;應(yīng)用;主要問題;基質(zhì)堵塞;解決措施;管理中圖分類號(hào):X703文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):0250-3301(2013)01-0401-08ProblemsandCountermeasuresintheApplicationofConstructedWetlands11,21,3HUANGJin-lou,CHENQin,XULian-huang(1.KeyLaboratoryof
4、SystemEcologyResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085,China;2.CollegeofResourceandEnvironmentalEngineering,GuizhouUniversity,Guiyang550025,China;3.AcademyofEnvironmentandArchitecture,WuyiUniversity,Wuyishan35430
5、0,China)Abstract:Constructedwetlandsasawastewatereco-treatmenttechnologyaredevelopedinrecentdecades.Itcombinessewagetreatmentwiththeeco-environmentinanefficientway.Ittreatsthesewageeffectively,andmeanwhilebeautifiestheenvironment,createsecologicallands
6、cape,andbringsbenefitstotheenvironmentandeconomics.Theuniqueadvantagesofconstructedwetlandshaveattractedintensiveattentionsincedeveloped.Constructedwetlandsarewidelyusedintreatmentofdomesticsewage,industrialwastewater,andwastewaterfromminingandpetroleu
7、mproduction.However,manyproblemsarefoundinthepracticalapplicationofconstructedwetland,e.g.theyarevulnerabletochangesinclimaticconditionsandtemperature,theirsubstratesareeasilysaturatedandplugged,theyarereadilyaffectedbyplantspecies,theyoftenoccupylarge
8、areas,andthereareotherproblemsincludingirrationalmanagement,non-standarddesign,andasinglefunctionofecologicalservice.Theseproblemstoacertainextentinfluencetheefficiencyofconstructedwetlandsinwastewatertreatment,shortenthelifeoftheartifi