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1、中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)江城學(xué)院課程設(shè)計(jì)（論文）從自然主義解讀德萊賽的小說(shuō)《嘉莉妹妹》姓名：吳芳玲專(zhuān)業(yè)：英日雙語(yǔ)班級(jí)：413008070學(xué)號(hào)：4130080706摘要美國(guó)作家西奧多德萊塞被認(rèn)為美國(guó)自然主義的杰出代表，本文以其第一部小說(shuō)《嘉莉妹妹》為例分析德萊塞自然主義的一些特征。論文從德萊塞創(chuàng)作《嘉莉妹妹》的歷史文化背景出發(fā)，研究德萊塞在《嘉莉妹妹》中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的自然主義思想。論文涉及該小說(shuō)的主要三大背景：一是達(dá)爾文主義和宿命論；二是美國(guó)然主義；三是19世紀(jì)末在美國(guó)興起的消費(fèi)主義。同時(shí)分析自然主義的三大特點(diǎn)：欲望,本能和環(huán)境,最后得出結(jié)論：《嘉莉妹妹》一文中主人公嘉莉妹妹的最終命運(yùn)與德萊塞本人的
2、命運(yùn)息息相關(guān)，赫思渥德的最終墮落也是德萊塞懼怕失敗的結(jié)果。而德萊塞卻把嘉莉妹妹和赫思特渥德最終得不到幸福歸因于“人心”。關(guān)鍵詞：自然主義達(dá)爾文主義欲望人性環(huán)境AbstractTheodoreDreiserisregardedasanoutstandingrepresentativeofAmericannaturalism.Inthisthesis,Dreiser’sfirstnovelSisterCarrieistakenasanexampletoanalyzethefeaturesofDreiser’snaturalism.Thethesisreferredtothreegrea
3、thistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthenovelwhichareDarwinism，Determinism.AmericanNaturalismandConsumerism.Meanwhilethethesisanalyzesthreefeaturesofnaturalism.Atlast,wecandrawtheconclusionthattheleadingcharacterofthenovel-Carrie’sdestinyhasagreatconnectionwithDreiserhimselfandthedeclineofHurstwo
4、odisaresultofDreiser’sfearoffailure,butDreiserattributesCarrieandHurstwood’sunhappinesstotheirinsatiabledesireforlifeortheyaredoomedtobeunhappyetc,andfromwhichwecanseeDreiser’snaturalismeasily.KeyWords：NaturalismDarwinismConsumerismdesireenvironmentCONTENTS1Introduction2Thehistoricalandcultura
5、lbackgroundforSisterCarrie2.1DarwinismandDeterminism2.2Americannaturalism2.3IndustrialRevolution3ThetypicalcharacteristicsofnaturalisminSisterCarrie3.1Thedesire,instinctandtheinfluenceofenvironments3.2.Theinfluenceoftheenvironment3.3Dreiser’sexploration4Conclusions1IntroductionTheodorDreiser(1
6、871-1945),anAmericanauthor,outstandingrepresentativeofnaturalism,whosenovelsdepictreal-lifesubjectsinaharshlight.Manyofhisworksreferredtothedescriptionofnaturalismandweakenedhiscriticalspirit.HisfirstnovelSisterCarriepublishedin1990revealedthefinancialdisparityandthemoraldeclineofAmericansocie
7、tyandthusregardedasforbiddenbook.Butnowthebookbecomesoneofthebest-sellersofAmericanliteraturebecauseofthenaturalisticfeaturesinit.ThenDreiserisregardedasapioneerofAmericannaturalismandasanaturalistDreiserexpressesthecharacteristicsofnat
