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1、非謂語動詞語法講解I.非謂語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式對照表：及物與不及物語態(tài)類別時態(tài)vt.vi.主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)ing一般式:(與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生)makingbeingmadegoing完成式:(先與謂語動詞之前發(fā)生)havingmade(不作定語）havingbeenmade(不作定語）havinggone(不作定語）ed只有一般式:(不強調時間先后，只說明原因、條件等)×made(表被動）gone(表完成）inf一般式:(與謂語動詞(幾乎)同時發(fā)生)tomaketobemadetogo完成式:(先與謂語動詞之前發(fā)生)tohavemadetohavebeenmadetoh
2、avegone進行式:(在謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時正在進行)tobemaking×tobegoing2.非謂語動詞在句中可作的語法成份成份類別主語賓語表語定語賓補狀語時間條件原因目的結果方式讓步伴隨不定式×××現(xiàn)在分詞××××過去分詞××××動名詞××1.非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等.1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwe
3、nttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結果狀語）1.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.4.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主語）(作賓語）(作賓補）(作表語）(作定語）(作狀語）1
4、.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thisisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupbroken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcan’tbeused.★過去分詞一般不作主語、賓語.(作表語(作表語）(作賓語補足語）(作狀語）3.分詞的用法比較A.在時態(tài)上1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping.2.Japanisadevelopedcountry=acountrywhichhasdeveloped.3.Ifoundhimgone.=thathehadgone.(表完成）ing分詞表“進
5、行”ed分詞表“完成”▲B.在語態(tài)上，ing分詞表“主動”，ed分詞表“被動”（多為及物動詞）1.Isawhimwritingashortnovel.=thathewaswritingashortnovel.2.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.=whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDichens.▲在概念上，ing.表“抽象、習慣”,不定式表“具體、偶然、將來”.*Swimming(抽象）ismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimming(習慣）everyday,butIdon’tliketosw
6、im(具體）today,Iwouldliketoswim(將來）tomorrow.▲C.分詞的完成式一般不用來作定語，只能用作狀語.Theplatformhavingbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.×1.Theplatformbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.√Theplatformwhichhasbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.√2.Havinggivenheropinionaboutthebuilding,sheleftthemeeting.Havingbeenusedforalongtime,
7、thecomputerneedsrepairing.作定語作狀語D.▲ed+主句（不強調時間先后）;Beinged+主句（強調主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生）;Havingbeened+主句（強調時間先后）如不強調時間先后可用ed,一般式來代替.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecan’tbelen
