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1、2020年初升高英語無憂銜接第二章語法知識(shí)銜接專題三動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)講義第一部分:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、表達(dá)形式主動(dòng)語態(tài):主語+do/does+其它被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語+am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞二、常用時(shí)間狀語everyday,often,always,sometimes,onceaweek,insummer三、基本用法1、現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,即包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的整個(gè)階段經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。Thebankopensat8:00a.m.onweekdays.HoweverbusyIam,Iwritetomymotherregularly.2、(人、物)現(xiàn)在的特性、狀態(tài)。NowIambus
2、y;Ican’tsparetimeforaholiday.Thatstreetisinbadcondition,andsmellsterrible.3、敘述客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言及沒有時(shí)限的客觀存在。Knowledgeisstrength.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.JapanliestotheeastofChina.第二部分:一般過去時(shí)一、表達(dá)形式主動(dòng)語態(tài):主語+do/does+其它被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語+am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞二、常用時(shí)間狀語yesterday,lastnight,thenightbefore,theotherday,ju
3、stnow等。三、基本用法1、用于表示在確定的過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如:5/5Igottoknowhimtwoyearsago.Hewasseriouslyilllastweek.2、過去發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如:Chinaisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.(不可換)Asachild,Iwouldgotoseaalongwithmyfather.(可換)四、下列句型中動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí).Itis(high/about)time(that)wegottobusiness.Iwouldratheryouknewthetruthnow.第三部分:
4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、表達(dá)形式主動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/aredoing被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are/beingdone二、常用時(shí)間狀語now,atpresent,atthemoment三、基本用法1、用于表示此刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而此刻不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。AtpresentLaoLiisshowingsomeforeignfriendsaroundourworkshop.---AreyouanativeofBeijing?---No,Iamstudyingforadoctor’sdegreeatBeijingUniversity.2、進(jìn)行時(shí)與always,consta
5、ntly,continually等副詞連用,可表達(dá)贊揚(yáng)、不滿、討厭等感情色彩。Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.Atschoolhewasconstantlyplayingatrickonothers.第四部分:過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一、表達(dá)形式主動(dòng)語態(tài):was/weredoing被動(dòng)語態(tài):was/werebeingdone二、常用時(shí)間狀語5/5atthistimeyesterday,at8:00lastnight三、基本用法:表達(dá)過去某一時(shí)刻某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Iwasmakingalong-distancecalltomynearrelativebeforeyo
6、uarrived.Inthoseyearswewerehavingahardtime.第五部分:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、表達(dá)形式主動(dòng)語態(tài):主語+have/hasdonesth.被動(dòng)語態(tài):主語+have/hasbeendone.二、常用時(shí)間狀語already,yet,eversince,inthepast(last)fewyears,sofar,uptothepresent,untilnow,inrecentyears等.三、基本用法1、過去的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系。Ihaveturnedontheelectricheaterintheroom.(Iturnedontheelectricheat
7、er,andtheroomisgettingwarmnow.)Hehastakenawaymyreferencebook.(Hetookawaymyreferencebook,andnowIcan’tuseit.)2、表示動(dòng)作從過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能剛結(jié)束,也可能繼續(xù)下去。HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Wehavehadplentyofrainheresincewepartedlastmonth.四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:HehasworkedinParisf