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1、1.Puritans:isEnglishprotestant,onedivisionofProtestant(onedivisionofChristianity,appearedinthe16thc,againsttherulingRomanCatholic.InEngland,thereweremanydivisionsinprotestant,forinstance,Quakers,Baptism,震顫派，喧囂派).TheyregardedthereformationoftheChurchu
2、nderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforitsfurther“purification”fromwhattheyconsideredtobeunscripturalandcorruptformsandceremoniesretainedfromtheunreformedchurch.Theyobjected,forinstance,tothewearingofthesurpliceandtogovernmentbytheprelates,andtheydema
3、ndedtherighttopartakeofthecommunioninasittingposture.TheirMillenaryPetition(1603)requestedareformofthechurchcourts,adoingawaywith“superstitious”customs,adiscardingoftheuseofapocryphalbooksoftheBible,aseriousobservanceoftheSabbath,andvariousecclesiast
4、icalreforms.The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:onepartofthemwerethecreatorsofthePlymouthcolony,called“Separatists”.TheyweresosuppressedbythechurchofEnglandthattheysoughtescape.ThoseSeparatistsfirstwentintoexiletoHolland,thenwereaboard“May
5、flower”in1620andsettleddowninPlymouth.America,therefore,asaninfantwasborn.TheyconsideredthattheChurchofEnglandhadbecomehopelessandadvocatedtoseparatefromitsincegeneralreformwouldbeuseless.TheotherpartwastheEnglishmenintheMassachusettesBayColony.Thoug
6、htheycamelaterthanthoseofPlymouthcolony,theywerericherandbetter-educated.TheydevotedthemselvestothereformoftheChurchofEnglandandmeanttoclearawaytheritualsoftheRomanCatholicChurchinit.Inreality,onlythispartofthemweretruePuritans.Theyacceptedthedoctrin
7、eoforiginalsinandtotaldepravity,andpredestination,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.ThemaindoctrineofCalvinismPuritansbelievedinwasfirstshownin“totaldepravity”.Theybelievedinthe“originalsin”inwhichAdamthefirstmanGodcreatedsinne
8、dandwhichledtotheconclusionthat“inAdam’sfall,wesinnedall.”Theyconsideredthatmanwasbornsinful,wasasinnerandcouldnotredeemhisoriginalsinfulness.Moreover,theycouldnotsavethemselves.SecondlyPuritansunderscoredthatmanwouldbechosenbyGodunconditionally.They
