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1、Makepeacewiththeplanet.——EventhespectacularnucleardisastersatThree-MileIslandandChernobylwerefarlessseriousastechnicalfailuresthantheywereintheirecologicaleffects.即使三里島和切爾諾貝利的核災(zāi)難在技術(shù)上的失敗比起它們對(duì)于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所造成的影響也小得多。]TheChernobylNuclearAccidentThe?FukushimaDaiich
2、inucleardisasterTheThreeMileIslandAccidentTheThreeMileIslandAccidentTheChernobylNuclearAccidentThe?FukushimaDaiichinucleardisasterTheThreeMileIslandAccidentTheChernobylNuclearAccidentThe?FukushimaDaiichinucleardisasterTheThreeMileIslandAccidentTheCherno
3、bylNuclearAccidentThe?FukushimaDaiichinucleardisasterTheThreeMileIslandAccidentthreespectacularnucleardisastersTheThreeMileIslandaccidentwasapartialnuclearmeltdownwhichoccurredinoneofthetwoThreeMileIslandnuclearreactorsinDauphinCounty,Pennsylvania,Unite
4、dStates,onMarch28,1979.ItwastheworstaccidentinU.S.commercialnuclearpowerplanthistory.Theincidentwasratedafiveontheseven-pointInternationalNuclearEventScale:AccidentWithWiderConsequences.1.TheThreeMileIslandAccidentThepowerplantwasownedandoperatedbyGener
5、alPublicUtilitiesandMetropolitanEdison(MetEd).Thereactorinvolvedintheaccident,Unit2,wasapressurizedwaterreactormanufacturedbyBabcock&Wilcox.MainCauses當(dāng)天凌晨4時(shí)0分0秒，三哩島核電站95萬(wàn)千瓦壓水堆電站二號(hào)反應(yīng)堆一回路的給水主泵停轉(zhuǎn)，汽輪機(jī)停機(jī)。備用泵按照預(yù)設(shè)的程序啟動(dòng)，但是由于輔助給水系統(tǒng)中隔離閥在此前的例行檢修中沒(méi)有按規(guī)定打開(kāi)，導(dǎo)致輔助給水系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有
6、投入運(yùn)行。Consequencesofstuckvalve(隔離閥)①ThedesignofthePORV(減壓閥)indicatorlightwasfundamentallyflawed.Andtheoperatorshadnotbeentrainedtouseit.②Theoperatorsdidnotcorrectlydiagnosetheproblem③NuclearleakalarmdidnotattracttheattentionofoperatorsHumanfactorsEmergen
7、cyMeasuresSchoolswereclosedandresidentswereurgedtostayindoors.Pregnantwomenandpre-schoolagechildrenwereemergencyevacuation.FarmersweretoldtokeeptheiranimalsundercoverandonstoredfeedCleanupstartedinAugust1979andofficiallyendedinDecember1993,withatotalcle
8、anupcostofabout$1billionFiftymilesaroundThreeMileIslandnuclearpowerplant,noneofthe2200000residentshadtheacuteradiationreaction.在以三哩島核電站為圓心的50英里范圍內(nèi)，220萬(wàn)居民中無(wú)人發(fā)生急性輻射反應(yīng)。Theaverageradiationdosetopeoplelivingwithintenmilesoftheplantwas
