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1、2012高考北京卷英語(yǔ)閱讀解析DWilderness “Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.
2、“荒野貯藏著一個(gè)世界。”這句名言出自一名譽(yù)著環(huán)境保護(hù)主義之父之一美稱(chēng)的作家之口。這句話(huà)的頻繁引用反應(yīng)了關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的熱烈爭(zhēng)論:是否把荒野作為環(huán)境保護(hù)對(duì)象的核心。 AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouch
3、edisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(開(kāi)發(fā))bringstosuchlandscapes(景觀)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these”ecosystemservices”faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.正如JohnSauvenofGreenpeace指出的一
4、樣,荒野沒(méi)有開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò),由著巨大的吸引力;有所不同的是他們談到自然時(shí),荒野受到人們極大地重視。擱置這種資源這種打算不合理,開(kāi)發(fā)景觀才是需要做的。有些荒野也發(fā)揮了人類(lèi)需要的作用——比如說(shuō)雨林儲(chǔ)藏了大量的炭。對(duì)于Sauven而言這些,這些“生態(tài)杠桿”發(fā)揮的作用遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)所獲得好處?! eeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.B
5、utthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedfo
6、rrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.休斯頓研究所的客座教授LeeLane對(duì)此有不同看法。他承認(rèn)荒野確實(shí)很有用,比如可以
7、儲(chǔ)水。但是他認(rèn)為這個(gè)理由絕對(duì)不至于阻止人類(lèi)進(jìn)軍荒野或者避免人類(lèi)的商業(yè)和工業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)。地球上的人越來(lái)越多了,他們合理并且恰當(dāng)?shù)叵胍环N更好的生活,而不是在掙扎中艱難度日。盡管使用資源的方式有所改善,但是人類(lèi)對(duì)于原材料的需求持續(xù)增長(zhǎng),而一些荒野這些資源十分充足。反對(duì)者認(rèn)為,如果他們可以控制得當(dāng),不影響荒野的調(diào)節(jié)作用,那么將沒(méi)有理由再繼續(xù)擱置。從本質(zhì)上講,沒(méi)開(kāi)發(fā)并不是說(shuō)它不該開(kāi)發(fā)?! lookforwardstoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.On
8、echallengeth