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1、第31卷第6期大豆科學(xué)V01.31No.62012正12月SOYBEANSCIENCEDec.2012種植大豆對(duì)土壤磷、鉀平衡的影響郭昕,宋秋來,曾祥亮,龔振平,馬春梅(1.東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,黑龍江哈爾濱150030;2.黑龍江省農(nóng)墾經(jīng)濟(jì)研究所,黑龍江哈爾濱150090)摘要:以5個(gè)春大豆品種為材料,采用框栽方法對(duì)大豆秸稈還田與不還田時(shí)土壤磷、鉀的盈虧量進(jìn)行估算,研究了種植大豆對(duì)土壤磷、鉀平衡的影響。結(jié)果表明:大豆成熟期有57.2%~70.1%的磷素、60.7%一74.7%的鉀素轉(zhuǎn)移到籽粒中,磷、鉀的收獲率較高。在大豆施磷酸氫二銨75~150kg·hm和硫酸
2、鉀40~120kg·hmI2水平下,土壤磷均有盈余,而土壤鉀在施鉀量低時(shí)虧損,高時(shí)盈余。大豆秸稈還田時(shí),磷、鉀的盈虧量分別為7.1~22.1kg.hm~、一7.6—25.6kg·hm~;秸稈不還田時(shí)分別為6.0~21.0kg·hm~、一14.3~18.9kg·hm~。大豆秸稈還田時(shí),維持土壤磷、鉀平衡的臨界磷、鉀肥用量為P:O18.4kg·hm~、KO29.2kg·hm~;秸稈不還田時(shí),磷、鉀肥的臨界用量為PO520.9·hm一、KO37.3kg·hm~??梢姡瑑?yōu)化肥料施用量和秸稈還田是保障土壤磷、鉀素平衡的重要措施。關(guān)鍵詞:大豆;土壤磷;土壤鉀;盈虧;秸稈還
3、田中圖分類號(hào):$565.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1000-9841(2012)06-0907-04EffectsofPlantingSoybeanontheBalancesofSoilPhosphorusandPotassiumGUOXin,SONGQiu.1ai,ZENGXiang.1iang,GONGZhen.ping,MAChun.mei(1.CollegeofAculture,NortheastAgriculturalUniversity,Harbin150030,Heilongjiang;2.HeilongjiangProvinceEconomic
4、alResearchInstituteofStateFarm,Harbin150090,Heilongjiang,China)Abstract:FivesoybeaneuhivarswereusedtOestimatetheeffectsofplantingsoybeanonprofitsandlossesofsoilphosphorusandpotassiumwithorwithoutstrawreturningbypotculture.Resultsshowed57.2%-70.1%oftotalphosphorusand60.7%一74.7%oftota
5、lpotassiumabsorbedbyplantsweretransportedtoseedsatmaturestage.Underthefertilizerapplicationlevelofdiammoniumphosphate75—150kg·ha。。andpotassiumsulfate40—120kg·ha~.thephosphorusofsoilwasprofitatalllevelsofP—fertilizer,andthepotassiumofsoilwaslossatlowlevelofK—fertilizerandwasprofitath
6、ighleve1.Theaverageprofitsandlossesofsoilphosphorusandpotassiumwere7.1—22.1kg·ha~and一7.6-25.6kg·ha~withstrawreturning.a(chǎn)ndwere6.0—21.0kg。ha~and一14.3-18.9kg·ha~withoutstrawreturning.respectively.Tobalancetheprofitsandlossesofsoilphos—phorusandpotassium,thecriticalamountsofphosphateand
7、potashfertilizerswereasfollows:P2O5andK2Owere】8.4kg‘ha一and29.2kg·ha一forstrawreturning,and20.9kg·ha一and37.3kg·ha一fornostrawreturningtreatments,respec—tively.Optimizingthequantityoffertilizerandreturningthesoybeanstrawwouldreachthebasicbalancesandreducethelos—sesofsoilphosphorusandpot
8、assiuminsoybeanfiel