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1、第28卷第6期地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展Vo1.28,No.62013年12月(頁(yè)碼:28782900)PROGRESSINGEOPHYSICSDec.,2013朱小三,高銳,李秋生,等.深反射地震數(shù)據(jù)的噪音衰減方法綜述.地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展,2013,28(6):2878—2900,doi:10.6038/pg20130609.Reviewofthenoisesattenuationofdeepreflectionseismicdata.ProgressinGeophys.(inChinese),2013,28(6):2878—2900,doi:10.6038pg2013O609.
2、深反射地震數(shù)據(jù)的噪音衰減方法綜述朱小三,高銳,李秋生,管燁,盧占武,王海燕(中國(guó)地質(zhì)科學(xué)院地質(zhì)研究所,北京100037)摘要深部地震反射資料是弱能量反射,如何更好地除去噪音并保留弱信號(hào)是資料處理q-的棘手問(wèn)題.本文概述了目前深反射地震資料的噪音衰減方法:如通過(guò)異常振幅噪音衰減來(lái)除去某一特定帶寬內(nèi)能量異常的振幅;利用自動(dòng)識(shí)剮區(qū)域異常振幅來(lái)壓制地震道內(nèi)的野值和強(qiáng)噪音從而改善資料的信噪比;利用隨機(jī)噪音在一定的區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)遵循統(tǒng)計(jì)性規(guī)律對(duì)其進(jìn)行除去;利用相關(guān)噪音衰減壓制噪音,減少折射波和近地表的面波對(duì)反射信號(hào)的影響;利用地表一致性反褶積對(duì)地震子波進(jìn)行平滑來(lái)壓制噪音,提高地震資
3、料的縱向分辨率;利用徑向?yàn)V波來(lái)壓制隨機(jī)噪音和濾波傾角范圍外的相關(guān)能量,提高反射信號(hào)的相關(guān)性.這樣,有效地除去地震資料中的噪音,突出有效信號(hào)的能量,為更好地進(jìn)行深反射地震資料的后續(xù)處理提供保障.關(guān)鍵詞深反射地震資料,異常振幅衰竭,隨機(jī)噪音,地表一致性反褶積,信噪比doi:10.6O38pg2O13O6O9中圖分類號(hào)P315文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼AReviewofthenoisesattenuationofdeepreflectionseismicdataZHUXiao—san,GAORui,IlQiu—sheng,GUANYe,LUZhan—wu,WANGHai—yan(Inst
4、ituteojGeology,ChineseAcademyojGeologicalSciences,Beijing100037,China)AbstractIt’SverydifficulttoremoveallthenoisesmixedwiththesignalofseismicdataandkeepmostOfreflectionenergywithoutchangedduetotheenergyofdeepreflectionsignalisveryweek.Inthisstudyseveralmethodsofreducingnoisesfromdeepr
5、eflectionseismicdatahavebeendiscussedindetail.Eitheranomalouslylargeamplitudesorsmallonescanberemovedusinganomalousamplitudeattenuationmethod.Theanomalousamplitudeprocesssequencecanreducethespikesandlargeamplitudenoisesinseismicdatacontaininganomaloustimezonesandimprovetheratioofsignal
6、versusnoise.Inordertoenhancethecoherentsignalwithinarangeofspecifieddipanglesandsuppressbothrandomnoiseandcoherentenergyoutsidethatrange,theradialpredictivefiltermethodcansummarizeweightedlytheadjacenttraceswhichhavebeentimevariantlyshiftedtolineupattheangleofmaximumcoherency.Surface~c
7、onsistentdeconvolutionmethodcanreducethenoiseandimprovetherationofsignalversusnoiseindepthdirectionbysmoothingtheseismicwavelets.Accordingtoacertainstatisticsrulesofseismicdata,randomnoisecanberemovedbysplittingtheseismicdataintoitspredictablepartwhichcontainsthesignal,andintoitsunpr