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1、Presentperfecttense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has(not)+V-ed（過(guò)去分詞）I______________(finish)thecompositionalready.He___________(learn)Englishforthreeyears.We/You/They….She….havefinishedhaslearned過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則形式--ed不規(guī)則形式repair-repaired---e+d(見(jiàn)表格121雙寫輔音+edstop/mop/travel▲現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的含義
2、是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。特點(diǎn)是既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在：動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。Shehasgone.(她走了。) 從這句話中動(dòng)詞所用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以看出“走”的動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，而對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果是她不在這里了。HespeaksFrenchsofluently.HelearneditinParis.Hewastherefortwoyears.HehasstudiedFrench.(他學(xué)過(guò)法語(yǔ)。) 這句話所說(shuō)明的結(jié)果是他現(xiàn)在懂法語(yǔ)。Look!Theblackboardissocleannow.He
3、hascleanedtheblackboard.(他已經(jīng)擦過(guò)黑板了。)? 這句話所表示的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法（一）過(guò)去的(結(jié)束性)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在。常用短暫性動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.如arrive,get,finish,borrow,open,stop,begin,go,come,die,fall,…時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用already,just,yet,ever,before,once(一次),recently等不具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間或不帶有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I________(do)myhomeworkalready.He________
4、_____(notfinished)hishomeworkyet._______youever______(be)toHaiwaii?We______never______(see)suchanexcitingmatchbefore.Mother_____just_______(clean)thehouse.Pleasedon’tcomein.They_________________(practice)thisdialoguetwice.havedonehasnotfinishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhav
5、epracticedI_____________(nothear)fromheryet._____they_______(be)hererecently?Yes,theyhave.I___________(be)busyrecently.---_____yourfatherever______(travel)toNewYork?---No,never.He__________________(nottravel)byplaneyet.haven’theardHavebeenhavebeenHastravelledhasn’ttravelle
6、d注意：當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，要把句中的already或just去掉，在句末加上yet.Ihaven’tseenthefilmnamedKingLionyet.●Ihavedonemyhomeworkalready.Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.●Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.Motherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet.●IhavealreadyseenthefilmnamedKingLion.For….Since…How
7、longhave/hassb…….? lived learnedownedThedoorhasbeenopenforawholeday.Thewindowshavebeenclosedsince7:30Ihavehadthisbikeforayear/sincelastyear.Myteachershavebeenbusy/freethesedays.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法二:過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在1.常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如be,sleep,live,learn,stay,have,keep,work,walk,…2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)須表達(dá)過(guò)去到現(xiàn)
8、在的一段時(shí)間.fortwoyearssofarsince短語(yǔ),duringthepast2yearssince從句inthepast2years表示一段時(shí)間的主要結(jié)構(gòu)2000la
