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1、外報閱讀材料（2）Passage1:HeWasMr.Universe,butHeWasReallyinLoveWiththeStarsFromTheNewYorkTimesByDENNISOVERBYEPublished:November22,2010Inthelate1970sIwasjunioreditoratSky&Telescopemagazine.Anastronomerhadjustmadesomeremarkablemeasurementsofquasarsthatdovetailedwithrecent
2、workbyDr.SandageI’dreadaboutinthisnewspaper,indicatingthattheexpandinguniversewouldeventuallycloseinonitselfandcollapseinaBigCrunch.Iftrue,thatwasbignews,soIcalledhimup.Dr.Sandageanswered—anewsworthyeventinitself—buthesaidtherewasnothingtotalkabout.Thenewspaperr
3、eportershadscreweditupagainandmistakenlyinterpretedhisobservations.InfacthewasontheotherlinewithTheNewYorkTimesdemandingacorrection.“Soyousee,”hesaidcheerily,“youhavenostory.”AndjustlikethatIwasusheredofftheline,feelingveryjuniorindeed.Atthetimewedidn’ttalk,Dr.S
4、andagewasalittleover50,muchyoungerthanIamnow,buthehadalreadybeenMr.Universe,themanthenewspaperscalledforthelatestwordonthestateofthecosmos,fornearlythreedecades.Hehadinheritedthatroleattheageof27fromEdwinHubble,theastronomerwhofirstshowedthatblursintheskyweregal
5、axiesbeyondourownandthenwentontoshowthattheywereallflyingawayfromus.Atthetime,ourconceptionoftheuniversewasalmostasyoungasDr.Sandage,whowasbornin1926,threeyearsbeforeHubblediscoveredthecosmicexpansion.Duringhislife,Dr.SandagesawthedebatesovertheBigBangandSteadyS
6、tatetheoriesoftheuniversegivewaytodarkenergyanddarkmatter;astronomerswentfromwearingelectricallyheatedflightsuitstorideinatelescopeallnighttodownloadingpicturesfromtheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Onceuponatime,womenweren’tallowedtoworkonMountWilson,wherethegalaxieshadbe
7、endiscovered;todayawoman,WendyL.Freedman,isthedirectorofCarnegieObservatories,asMountWilsonObservatoryinPasadena,Calif.,cametobecalled.Onceuponatime,therewasonlyonecosmologistintheworld:Dr.Sandage.Bythetimehedied,therewerethousands,mostofthemfollowingtheprograma
8、ndtechniqueshehadlaidoutinthe1950sand’60stofindthefewsacrednumbersthatwouldspelloutthesize,ageandfateoftheuniverse.MeasuringtheuniversetookitstollonDr.Sandage.Thecosm
