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1、電機(jī)與拖動-第6章三相異步電動機(jī)電力拖動運(yùn)行三相異步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩-轉(zhuǎn)差特性(參數(shù)表達(dá)式)R2sPem=m1I22,??2πf1p?1=根據(jù):Tem=,Pem?1U1I2=R1++(X1?+X2?)2?R2s2??m1p2?f1U1Tem=R1++(X1?+X2?)2?R2s2?R2s?22021/9/52Tem~s曲線1MSOTems-1發(fā)電機(jī)電動機(jī)制動s?0s=0n=n1n=0n?n1n?0n?02021/9/531.最大(臨界)轉(zhuǎn)矩Tm臨界轉(zhuǎn)差率:電動狀態(tài)取“+”,發(fā)電狀態(tài)取“-”。sm=±R1+(X1?+X2?)2R2??2?當(dāng)R1??(X1?+X2?)
2、時:sm≈±R2X1?+X2???Tm≈±pm1U14?f1(X1?+X2?)?2Tm=±±R1+R1+(X1?+X2?)2U1m1p4?f122?2021/9/54結(jié)論:①當(dāng)f1和電機(jī)參數(shù)不變時,異步電機(jī)的Tm與電源相電壓U1的平方成正比。②當(dāng)U1和f1一定時,Tm近似與定、轉(zhuǎn)子漏抗之和成反比。③Tm與R2無關(guān),而sm與R2成正比。如R2變大時,Tm不變,但sm則隨之增大。④如忽略R1,Tm與成正比。U1f12過載倍數(shù)(最大轉(zhuǎn)矩倍數(shù))KT:TmTNKT=2021/9/552.起動轉(zhuǎn)矩Tsts=1時:m1p2?f1U1R2Tst=(R1+R2)2+(X1?
3、+X2?)2???2結(jié)論:①當(dāng)f1和電機(jī)參數(shù)不變時,異步電機(jī)的Tst與電源相電壓U1的平方成正比。②當(dāng)U1和f1一定時,Tst近似與定轉(zhuǎn)子漏抗之和成反比。③在一定的范圍內(nèi)增加R2時,可增大Tst。當(dāng)sm=1時,Tst=Tm,Tst最大。起動轉(zhuǎn)矩倍數(shù)TstTNKst=2021/9/56三相異步電動機(jī)的主要性能指標(biāo)1.額定效率?N?N=72.5%~96.2%(Y系列)2.額定功率因數(shù)cos?Ncos?N=0.7~0.9(Y系列)3.最大轉(zhuǎn)矩倍數(shù)kmkT=1.8~2.2(Y系列)4.堵轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)矩倍數(shù)kstkst=1.6~2.2(Y系列)5.堵轉(zhuǎn)電流倍數(shù)kIkI=5~
4、7(Y系列)2021/9/576.1三相異步電動機(jī)的機(jī)械特性6.1.1固有機(jī)械特性當(dāng)U1L=U1N、f1=fN,且繞線型轉(zhuǎn)子中不外串任何電路參數(shù)時的機(jī)械特性。n1TemnOSM同步點(diǎn):n=n1,s=0,Tem=0起動點(diǎn):n=0,s=1,Tem=Tst臨界工作點(diǎn):s=sm,n=(1-sm)n1,Tem=TmTm(1-sm)n12021/9/58n1TemnOSM1.穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行區(qū)域工作段NnM穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行條件:<dTLdndTemdn額定運(yùn)行點(diǎn)N:n=nN,s=sN,Tem=TN,P2=PN。額定狀態(tài)說明了電動機(jī)長期運(yùn)行的能力:TL≤TN,P2≤PN,I1≤IN。s
5、N=0.01~0.06很小,Tem增加時,n下降很少——硬特性。硬特性TL2021/9/592.固有機(jī)械特性的實(shí)用表達(dá)式忽略R1的影響,則sm=R2X1?+X2???Tm=pm1U14?f1(X1?+X2?)?2m1p2?f1U1Tem=+(X1?+X2?)2?R2s2?R2s?22021/9/510將Tem與Tm相除得:=+(X1?+X2?)2?R2s2?R2s?TemTm2(X1?+X2?)?=smsssm2+Tem=smsssm2Tm+即sms=解上述方程,可得※根據(jù)s和sm的相對大小,取“+”或取“-”。()2=±-1ssmTmTemTmTem20
6、21/9/511若忽略T0,則在額定負(fù)載時sN=sm(kT-kT-1)2sm=sN(kT+kT-1)2※實(shí)用公式計算簡單、使用方便,但只適用于一定的范圍內(nèi),即0
7、定轉(zhuǎn)矩為TN=9.55PNnN最大轉(zhuǎn)矩為Tm=kTTN=2.2×580.7N?m=1277.5N·m=9.55×N·m=580.7N·m9000014802021/9/513=0.0133×(2.2+2.22-1)=0.0553實(shí)用電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩公式為s0.0553Tem=+25550.0553sTem=N·m=392.3N·m+25550.05530.00870.00870.0553sm=sN(km+km-1)2臨界轉(zhuǎn)差率為(2)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速n=1487r/min時轉(zhuǎn)差率為n1-nn1s===0.00871500-14871500電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩為2021/9/514(3)
8、當(dāng)TL=Tem=450N·m時的轉(zhuǎn)差率為轉(zhuǎn)速為n=(1-s)n1=