高斯光速過透鏡.ppt

高斯光速過透鏡.ppt

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1、Stronglyfocusedlightbeamsinteractingwithsingleatomsinfreespace1StronglyfocusedGaussianbeamsWeuseasetofeigenmodesoffourcommutingoperatorscorrespondingtothefollowingfourphysicalquantites:energyangularmomentuminzdirectionmomentuminthezdirectionhelicityThemodesarethuscharacterizedbythefournu

2、mbersThecompleteorthogonalsetofmodesisdefinedsuchthatthefreeelectricfield(thesolutionofthesource-freeMaxwellequations)canbeexpandedinthissetasisarbitrarycomplexamplitudes.Thefunctionistransverse,thesummationovervisashort-handnotationfor正交條件Fortheremainderofthissection,wewillonlyconsiderm

3、onochromaticbeamspropagatinginthepositivezdirection.wetakeasamodenumberinsteadof,andwereducesetofmodenumbersbyTheactionofthelensismodeledherebyassumingthatthefielddistributionoftheincomingfieldismultipliedbyalocalphasefactorAidealparaboliclenswouldberepresentedbyaphasefactorIntheplaneoft

4、helensIfweapproximatetheincomingbeambyacircularlypolarized(lowest-order)GaussianbeamwithRayleighrangeWhentheparaxiallimitisvalidfortheoutgoingbeam,i.e.,when,andcorrespond.Butalsooutsidetheparaxiallimit,thefocusedlightbeamischaracterizedbythetwoparametersand.Thelargestcomponentoftheoutput

5、fieldisthecomponent,whichisgivenbyWhentheparaxialapproximationisvalidfortheoutgoingbeam,wemaytakeoutafactorextendtheintegrationlimittoinfinityusedefiningOutsidetheparaxiallimit,thefocalplaneisnolongeratz=z0butmovestowardsthelensbyseveralwavelengths,furthermore,unlikeintheparaxialapproxim

6、ation,theshapeofthefieldisnotjustdeterminedbythevalueofbutdependsonaswellTheplotsofthetransverse-modeprofilesshowthatbeyondacertainpointthewidthofthefieldnolongerdecreaseswithstrongerfocusing.Onecannotfocusdownalaserfieldtobelowacertainlimit,roughlyabouthalfawavelength,withtheidealensfac

7、tor,nomatterhowsmallbecomes.Moreover,noonenotestheasymmetryoftheoutgoingbeamaroundthefocalplane,incontrasttoaparaxialbeamthatissymmetryunderreflectionsinthefocalplane,thisfactshouldnotbesurprising.FIG1(a)fieldstrengthofstronglyfocusedGaussianbeamsonthezaxisasafunctionNote

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