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1、原文說明原文說明的內(nèi)容是：文章闡述了電機的工作原理、發(fā)展過程、以及伺服電機的工作控制原理。并且舉例說明了伺服電機所適用的場合。題名Servomotor’sElementsandApplications作者NEWMARKER來源佳工機電網(wǎng)HowDoesaMotorWork?Anelectricmotorconvertselectricityintomechanicalmotion.Electricmotorsareusedinhouseholdappliances,electricfans,remote-controlledtoys,andinthousandsofotherapplicatio
2、ns.Theelectricmotorgrewoutofoneoftheearliestdiscoveriesinelectricscience—Arago’srotations.In1824,FrancoisAragodiscoveredthatamagneticneedlesuspendedoveracopperdiskwouldrotatewhenthediscwasspun.Thenextyear,computerpioneerCharlesBabbageandastronomerJohnHerschelshowedthattheactioncouldbereversed:spinni
3、ngamorepowerfulmagnetabovethecopperdiskwouldspinthecopperdisc.Then,in1831,MichaelFaradayconductedexperimentsthathelpedexplainwhythistookplace.Whilethislaidthegroundworkfortheelectricmotor,itwasanotherhalfcenturybeforeelectricmotorsweredoingusefulwork.Overthenextfewdecadesmanyinventorsmadeimproveddev
4、icesforturningelectricityintomotion.OneofthesewasHippolytePixii’s1832improvementcalledthecommutator,whichswitchedtheflowofcurrentbetweentwoormoresetsofstationaryelectromagnetstokeepamotorcontinuouslyrotating.ThomasDavenportwasthefirsttobuildanelectricmotorlargeenoughtobeusedinindustry,andhewasalsoth
5、efirsttoseekapatentonamotor.Soonelectricmotorswerebeingusedforsuchthingsastransportation.Moritz-HermannDeJacobiusedanelectricmotoronaboatontheNevaRiver,andCharlesG.Pageusedonetobuildasmalllocomotive.Aftertheappearanceofcommercialelectricpowersystemsinthe1880s,largerelectricmotorswerepossible.Edisone
6、ncouragedtheuseofelectricmotorsinindustrialapplicationsanddesignedseveralnewelectricmotorsforthatpurpose.Animportantchangecameinthelater1880sand1890s,whenelectricpowercompaniesbeganconsideringtheswitchtoalternatingcurrent.Alternatingcurrentwasperfectforthedistributionofelectricpoweroverlongdistances
7、,anditworkedwellwiththeEdisonelectriclamp,butnopracticalACmotorexisteduntiltheworksofGalileoFerrarisinItalyandNikolaTeslaintheUnitedStates.Tesla’scontributionsarerememberedtodaymorethanFerraris’inpart
