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1、乳腺?gòu)浬⒓訖?quán)成像的原理和臨床應(yīng)用Diffusion-weightedimagingisamodalitythatmakesuseofmagneticresonance(MR)imagingtodepictthediffusivityofwatermoleculesinadefinedvoxelbymeansoftheapplicationofmotion-probinggradients.Thisimagingpropertyisuniqueandprovidesadifferentcontra
2、stmechanismthanthatobservedonconventionalT1-andT2-weightedMRimages.Evaluationofbreastimagesacquiredwithsensitizationtothediffusionofwatermoleculeshasthepotentialtoplayanadjunctroleintheassessmentofbreasttissue.DWI是一種通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)-探測(cè)梯度磁場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用的方式，在一個(gè)有限的像素內(nèi)，利用磁共振來(lái)
3、檢測(cè)水分子彌散的方法。這種成像方式是唯一，并且與常規(guī)的T1和T2加權(quán)MR圖像相比，提供一個(gè)不同的對(duì)比機(jī)制。乳腺圖像的獲取來(lái)源于對(duì)水分子的擴(kuò)散敏感，其擁有在乳腺組織的評(píng)估中發(fā)揮輔助作用的潛力。。IntroductionDiffusion-weightedimagingwasinitiallyappliedintheclinicalsettinginthemid-1990sforthediagnosisofacutestroke.Atthattime,diffusion-weightedimagin
4、gdemonstratedahighdiagnosticutility,notonlyintheinvestigationofacutestroke,butalsoindevelopingthedifferentialdiagnosisforotherbrainabnormalities,includingtumorsandabscesses.彌散加權(quán)成像在臨床上最初的應(yīng)用是90年代中期對(duì)急性腦卒中的診斷，不僅用于檢測(cè)急性腦卒中，而且發(fā)展到別的腦部異常病變的鑒別診斷，包括腫瘤和膿腫。Introd
5、uctionAsaresultofthesefindings,diffusion-weightedbreastimaginghasattractedgreaterinterestamongbreastimagers,withmanycliniciansadvocatingapplicationsbeyondjustclinicalresearch.However,theincorporationintoclinicaldecisionmakingofinformationgleanedfromd
6、iffusion-weightedbreastimaginghasbeenslowcomparedtotheuseofinformationobtainedfromdiffusion-weightedimagingofotherorgans.由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，乳腺?gòu)浬⒓訖?quán)成像吸引了乳腺影像學(xué)家越來(lái)越多的注意，許多醫(yī)生主張應(yīng)用不僅僅是臨床研究。然而，與其他器官的彌散加權(quán)圖像的使用相比，應(yīng)用在乳腺上比較緩慢。IntroductionOnereasonisthatthediagnosticroleofdi
7、ffusion-weightedimaginginbreastimaginghasnotbeenincorporatedintothealreadyestablishedBreastImagingandReportingDataSystemlexicon(11).Contrastmaterial–enhancedbreastMRimagingiscurrentlyacceptedasthemostsensitiveimagingtechniqueforthediagnosisandstaging
8、ofbreastcancer.However,severalstudieshavenotedthatconventionalbreastMRimaging,includingT2-weightedimagingandcontrast-enhancedT1-weightedimaging,islimitedintermsofspecificityintheassessmentofbreasttumors原因之一是彌散加權(quán)成像在乳腺成像上的診斷作用還沒(méi)有納入到已經(jīng)確定的BI-RADS系統(tǒng)中。對(duì)比增強(qiáng)
