building bridges between structural and program evaluation approaches to evaluating policy

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1、JournalofEconomicLiterature48(June2010):2,356–398http:www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jel.48.2.356BuildingBridgesBetweenStructuralandProgramEvaluationApproachestoEvaluatingPolicyJamesJ.Heckman*Thispapercomparesthestructuralapproachtoeconomicpolicyanalysiswithth

2、eprogramevaluationapproach.Itoffersathirdwaytodopolicyanalysisthatcombinesthebestfeaturesofbothapproaches.IillustratethevalueofthisalternativeapproachbymakingtheimpliciteconomicsofLATEexplicit,therebyextendingtheinterpretabilityandrangeofpolicyquestionsthatLATEcananswe

3、r.(JELC21,E61)1.?Introductionconflictsbetween“structural”and“reducedform”approaches.2Incurrentusage,“struc-Fewtopicsineconomicsevokemoretural”istakentomeanparametric,explicitlypassionthandiscussionsaboutthecor-formulated,empiricaleconomicmodels.rectwaytodoempiricalpoli

4、cyanalysis.1“Reducedform”hasmultipleandsome-Thesediscussionsaresometimesframedastimesconflictingmeanings.Onestrandofthe1Seetheessaysinthesymposium“Conoutof*?UniversityofChicago,UniversityCollegeDublin,Economics,”JournalofEconomicPerspectives,Vol.24,No.CowlesFoundation,

5、YaleUniversity,andtheAmerican2,Spring2010(JoshuaD.AngristandJorn-SteffenPischkeBarFoundation.IthankEdVytlacilfornumerousdiscus-2010;LiranEinavandJonathanD.Levin2010;Michaelsionsonthetopicsdiscussedinthispaperovertheyears.P.Keane2010;EdwardE.Leamer2010;AvivNevoandIalsot

6、hankhimforhiscommentsonthispaper.IthankMichaelD.Whinston2010;ChristopherA.Sims2010;PhilippEisenhauer,MiriamGensowski,TimKautz,JamesH.Stock2010).RodrigoPinto,SteveStern,andBenWilliamsforhelpful2JamesJ.HeckmanandEdwardJ.Vytlacil(2007a)comments.Idrawoncommentsandsuggestio

7、nsmadeondiscusstheconceptofstructureandreducedformasdefinedprecursorstothispaperbySteveDurlauf,LarsHansen,bythepioneeringCowlesCommissioneconometricianswhoRichardRobb,andJoseScheinkman,althoughnonehavedevelopedthefirstrigorousframeworkforinferenceandreadthisversion.The

8、precursorpapersareHeckmanpolicyanalysis.Thisconceptreceiveditscleareststatement(1992,1997,2000,2008).IthankPhilippEis