資源描述：
《the natural way of lao tzu》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在工程資料-天天文庫(kù)。
1、???7???THENATURALWAYOFLAOTZUCHINESEcivilizationandtheChinesecharacterwouldhavebeenutterlydifferentifthebookLaoTzuhadneverbeenwritten.Infact,evenCon-fucianism,thedominantsysteminChinesehistoryandthought,wouldnothavebeenthesame,forlikeBuddhism,ithasnotescapedTaois
2、tinfluence.NoonecanhopetounderstandChinesephilosophy,religion,government,art,medicine—orevencooking—withoutarealapprecia-tionoftheprofoundphilosophytaughtinthislittlebook.Itistruethat,whileConfucianismemphasizessocialorderandanactivelife,Taoismconcentratesonindi
3、viduallifeandtranquillity,thussuggestingthatTaoismplaysasecondaryrole.But,inreality,byopposingConfucianconformitywithnon-conformityandConfucianworldlinesswithatran-scendentalspirit,TaoismisaseverecriticofConfucianism.Initsdoc-trinesongovernment,oncultivatingandp
4、reservinglife,andonhan-dlingthings,TaoismisfullytheequalofConfucianism.InsomerespectsTaoismgoesevendeeperintotheWayoflife,somuchsothatwhileeveryancientChineseschooltaughtitsownWay(Tao)1Taoismaloneisknownbythatname.Ofcoursethename"Tao-istSchool"wasnotuseduntilthe
5、firstcenturyB.C.,2buttheteachingsofLaoTzuandChuangTzuaboutTaoweresoimpressiveandinfluentialbeforethattimethatthenamewasinevitable.WhereasinotherschoolsTaomeansasystemormoraltruth,inthisschoolitistheOne,whichisnatural,eternal,spontaneous,nameless,andindescribable
6、.Itisatoncethebeginningofallthingsandthewayinwhichallthingspursuetheircourse.WhenthisTaoispossessedbyindividualthings,itbecomesitscharacterorvirtue(te).3Theideallifefortheindividual,theidealorderforsociety,andtheidealtypeofgovernmentareallbasedonitandguidedbyit.
7、Asthewayoflife,itdenotessimplicity,spontaneity,tranquillity,weakness,andmostim-portantofall,non-action(wu-wei).Bythelatterisnotmeantliterally"inactivity"butrather"takingnoactionthatiscontrarytoNature"—inotherwords,lettingNaturetakeitsowncourse.TheTaoistphilosoph
8、yisperhapsbestsummedupintheChuangTzu,whichsays,"Toregardthefundamentalastheessence,toregardthingsascoarse,toregardaccumulationasdeficiency,andtodwell1Literallypath,ro
