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1、EffectiveC++byScottMeyersBacktoDedication??ContinuetoAcknowledgmentsPrefaceThisbookisadirectoutgrowthofmyexperiencesteachingC++toprofessionalprogrammers.I'vefoundthatmoststudents,afteraweekofintensiveinstruction,feelcomfortablewiththebasicconstructsofthelanguage,buttheyt
2、endtobelesssanguineabouttheirabilitytoputtheconstructstogetherinaneffectivemanner.Thusbeganmyattempttoformulateshort,specific,easy-to-rememberguidelinesforeffectivesoftwaredevelopmentinC++:asummaryofthethingsexperiencedC++programmersalmostalwaysdooralmostalwaysavoiddoing
3、.Iwasoriginallyinterestedinrulesthatcouldbeenforcedbysomekindoflint-likeprogram.Tothatend,IledresearchintothedevelopmentoftoolstoexamineC++sourcecodeforviolationsofuser-specifiedconditions.1Unfortunately,theresearchendedbeforeacompleteprototypecouldbedeveloped.Fortunatel
4、y,severalcommercialC++-checkingproductsarenowavailable.(You'llfindanoverviewofsuchproductsinthearticleonstaticanalysistoolsbymeandMartinKlaus.)Thoughmyinitialinterestwasinprogrammingrulesthatcouldbeautomaticallyenforced,Isoonrealizedthelimitationsofthatapproach.Themajori
5、tyofguidelinesusedbygoodC++programmersaretoodifficulttoformalizeorhavetoomanyimportantexceptionstobeblindlyenforcedbyaprogram.Iwasthusledtothenotionofsomethinglessprecisethanacomputerprogram,butstillmorefocusedandto-the-pointthanageneralC++textbook.Theresultyounowholdiny
6、ourhands:abookcontaining50specificsuggestionsonhowtoimproveyourC++programsanddesigns.Inthisbook,you'llfindadviceonwhatyoushoulddo,andwhy,andwhatyoushouldnotdo,andwhynot.Fundamentally,ofcourse,thewhysaremoreimportantthanthewhats,butit'salotmoreconvenienttorefertoalistofgu
7、idelinesthantomemorizeatextbookortwo.UnlikemostbooksonC++,mypresentationhereisnotorganizedaroundparticularlanguagefeatures.Thatis,Idon'ttalkaboutconstructorsinoneplace,aboutvirtualfunctionsinanother,aboutinheritanceinathird,etc.Instead,eachdiscussioninthebookistailoredto
8、theguidelineitaccompanies,andmycoverageofthevariousaspectsofaparticularlanguagefeaturemaybedispersedthr
