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1、二十三、區(qū)別分析、判別分析DiscriminantAnalysis1.區(qū)別分析是多元統(tǒng)計分析中用於判別樣品(受訪者)所屬類型(族群)的一種方法,與集群分析相同的勢將相似的樣本(受訪者)歸為一類(族群),不同處卻在於集群分析預(yù)先不知道分類,而區(qū)別分析是在研究對象分類已知的情況下,根據(jù)樣本資料推導出一個或一組區(qū)別(判別)函數(shù),同時指定一種判別規(guī)則,用於確定待判別樣本的所屬類別,使錯判率最小。2.Discriminantloadings:Inrecentyears,loadingshaveincreasinglybeenusedasabasisforinterpretationbecauseofth
2、edeficienciesinutilizingweights.Discriminantloadings,referredtosometimesasstructurecorrelations,measurethesimplelinearcorrelationbetweeneachindependentvariableandthediscriminantfunction.Thediscriminantloadingsreflectthevariancethattheindependentvariablessharewiththediscriminantfunctionandcanbeinterp
3、retedlikefactorloadingsinassessingtherelativecontributionofeachindependentvariabletothediscriminantfunction.3.Afterthediscriminantfunctionhasbeencomputed,theresearchermustassessitslevelofsignificance.Anumberofdifferentstatisticalcriteriaareavailable.ThemeasuresofWilks’lambda,Hotelling’strace,andPill
4、ai’scriterionallevaluatethestatisticalsignificanceofthediscriminatorypowerofthediscriminantfunctions(s).4.主要目的是運用於計算一組預(yù)測變數(shù)(自變數(shù))包括知識、價值、態(tài)度、環(huán)保行為的線性組合,對依變數(shù)(間斷變數(shù))接受有機農(nóng)產(chǎn)品更高售價之意願加以分類,並檢定其再分組的正確率。利用逐步區(qū)別分析針對願意願意與不願意支付更高售價購買有機農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的兩個族群,以知識、價值、態(tài)度、環(huán)保行為等變數(shù)進行區(qū)別化。進行逐步區(qū)別分析前數(shù)值先經(jīng)過標準化(normality)和變異數(shù)同質(zhì)性(homogeneityofva
5、riance/covariancematrices)程序之確認;在進行逐步區(qū)別分析前先將有效樣本抽取70%做為係數(shù)估算分析使用,另外的30%有效問卷做為結(jié)果的驗證。5.表6逐步區(qū)別分析特徵函數(shù)CanonicalWilks’GroupedcasescorrectlyaEigenvaluecorrelationLambdaChisquareclassified(%)1.7790.8000.360χ2(6)=196.2Willingrespondent:85.6Unwillingrespondent:95.0P<0.001Total=90.8aNote:Classificationwasbasedo
6、navalidationsample(30%oftheoriginalsample)表7t-檢定和逐步區(qū)別分析t-檢定區(qū)別分析a因素構(gòu)面平均值Wilks’t值Loadings(L)願意多付不願意多付Lambdacc有機優(yōu)勢-0.771.01-15.830.4510.88cc自我肯定-0.760.86-12.700.3720.69c永續(xù)生態(tài)0.59-0.81-10.99-0.67c回收效益-0.580.76-10.290.55cc資源回收-0.500.84-10.260.3720.55cc有機知識4.785.97-7.290.3680.40c環(huán)保障礙0.36-0.516.73-0.33bc購買危
7、害0.00-0.412.850.372-0.19bc環(huán)境責任0.13-0.363.320.373-0.18aNotes:Numbersrepresentthefactors’orderofentryinthediscriminantanalysis(α<0.05)bStatisticallysignificant(α<0.01)cStatisticallysignificant(α<0.001)1