小升初必會(huì)語(yǔ)法匯總

小升初必會(huì)語(yǔ)法匯總

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大家都知道單詞go的基本含義是“去”,根據(jù)它的基本用法,我們可以從三個(gè)方面加以總結(jié)。請(qǐng)看:一、go與to一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),后接地點(diǎn)名詞,表示“去二如:gototheplayground去操場(chǎng)gotoschool去上學(xué)gotothepark去公園gotoBeijing去北京二、go后接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞,表示“去如:gothere去那兒gohome回家三、go后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,表示“去做”。如:goshopping去購(gòu)物

1goswimming去游泳gofishing去釣魚gohiking去徒步旅行在下列兩個(gè)句子中,outof的意思截然不同:Ishonestygoingoutofstyle?Arethesejusttwostoriesoutofmany?在“難道誠(chéng)實(shí)正在變得不合時(shí)宜了嗎?"中,outof表示“跟不上”,“脫離”的意思;在“這些僅是許多故事中的兩個(gè)嗎?”一句中,outof表示部分關(guān)系。在短語(yǔ)介詞中,outof表示的意思很多,其用法也頗為復(fù)雜。靈活地、有規(guī)律地掌握其用法,對(duì)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)大有裨益,現(xiàn)將其用法歸納如下:1.表示地點(diǎn)(從里向夕卜)Fishcannotliveoutofwater.魚離開了水就不能活。

2ThisanimalisnotfoundoutofcertainareasinAfrica.這種動(dòng)物只在非洲某些地區(qū)有。(在非洲的某些地區(qū)之外,是沒(méi)有這種動(dòng)物的。)Thisplantissituatedonlyfivemilesoutofthecity.那個(gè)工廠離市區(qū)僅五英里。2.表示動(dòng)作或運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向Aswepulledoutofthegarage,Isawthegunpointingagainstthecarwindow.當(dāng)我們把車開出車庫(kù)時(shí),我看見(jiàn)那支槍頂住了車窗玻璃。Theywalkedoutofthesupermarket.他們走出了超級(jí)市場(chǎng)。3.表示部分關(guān)系Thiswillhappeninninecasesoutoften.這種情況十之八九會(huì)發(fā)生。Thisisbutoneinstanceoutofmany.那只不過(guò)是許多例子中的一個(gè)而已。4.表示“在……范圍以外”,“越出……界限之外”

3Theshipisoutofsight.船已看不見(jiàn)了。Theysangoutoftune.他們唱得走了調(diào)。Thisplanisoutoftheordinary.這是一個(gè)非凡的計(jì)劃。2.表示“出于動(dòng)機(jī)”,“由于原因”Thetrafficaccidentwasoutofcarelessnessindriving.這起交通事故是由于粗心駕駛所致。Thetreatmentofthetopicisoutofnecessitymuchcondensed.由于需要,關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的闡述已大加壓縮。3.表示竭盡和缺乏Weareoutoftea.我們的茶葉用完了。Thisbookisoutofprint.這本書絕版了。Thatnovelisoutofstock.那本小說(shuō)脫銷了。

42.表示材料或來(lái)源Hemadetheboxoutofoldplanks.他用舊木板做了箱子。ThisparagraphisoutofMarx,sworksintheoriginal.這一段引自馬克思原著。3.與某些動(dòng)詞連用,表示“放棄”,“喪失”Hetalkedhiswifeoutofbuyinganewbicycle.他說(shuō)服他的妻子不要買新自行車。Icouldn*tpersuadehimoutoftheresolution.我沒(méi)能說(shuō)服他改變決心。另外,outof與其他詞可以構(gòu)成許多非常有用的、常見(jiàn)的固定詞組,這些詞組有:outofaccordwith(與不一致;同不協(xié)調(diào)),outofaction(失去作用,停止運(yùn)動(dòng)),outofallrelationto(和毫無(wú)關(guān)

5系),outofbalance(失去平衡),outofbreath(上氣不接下氣),outofcharacter(不相稱,不適當(dāng)),outofcontrol(失去控制),outofdate(過(guò)時(shí)),outofdoubt(確定無(wú)疑),outoffashion(不合時(shí)尚),outofgear(脫節(jié),失調(diào)),outofharmony(不和諧),outofkindness(出于好意),outofnecessity(出于必要),outoforder(不整齊,次序顛倒),outofone*spower(力所不及),outofplace(不適當(dāng),不相稱),outofquestion(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)),outofthequestion(不可能,成問(wèn)題)outofshape(變形),outofstep(失調(diào),不同步),outofsympathywith(出于對(duì)的同情),outoftouchwith(與脫離接觸),outoftrue(不誠(chéng)實(shí),不準(zhǔn)確),outofwork(失業(yè))等。用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一名詞或代詞(有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分)而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。一.詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分用于限制從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物

6主語(yǔ)Whowhichthat主語(yǔ)Whomwhichthat賓語(yǔ)Whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)彳列1:ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.彳列2:ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.例J3:Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.例4:ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.1.關(guān)系代詞的用法(1)如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用whicho例如:Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)如果先等詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等詞修飾,關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which,who,或whom。例如:

7(3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.(4)which還有一種特殊用法,它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句,代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中,which可以作主語(yǔ),也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),多數(shù)情況下意思是與andthis相似,并可以指人。例如:Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)that可指人或物,在從句中作表語(yǔ),(指人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)多用who)僅用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。(6)which可作表語(yǔ),既可指人,以可指物。指人時(shí),一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征.品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。(7)如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體,關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員,則用who。

8(8)先行詞有兩個(gè),一個(gè)指人,一個(gè)指物,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如:Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.(9)如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who或whom,不用whicho例如:Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞"是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?!敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用thato(2)fromwhere為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如:Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown..(3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof

9等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如:Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.二.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。2.that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞when,where或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因,在that引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句中,that也可以省去。三.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.二者差異比較限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,同先行詞這間一般不加逗號(hào),僅修飾先行詞,可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that

10來(lái)引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明,用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個(gè)主句,不可用that引導(dǎo)。1.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1)弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,作狀語(yǔ)的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞,作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的可選用關(guān)系代詞。3.先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句隔離定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分,構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離。例如:1)ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout..2)Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited四.As在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(Das多與such或thesame連用,可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。

11(2)as也可單獨(dú)使用,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,作用相當(dāng)于which。例如:Theelephant,snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.(3)thesame…that與thesame…as在意思上是不同的。2.As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活,可以位于主句前面.中間或后面,一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如:(1)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.(2)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.一、作副詞,意為“相同地”,“同樣地例如:Theydon'thaveasmanyairplanes.他們沒(méi)有同樣多的飛機(jī)。二、作連詞,1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

12as與when,while都是引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞,含義都是"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"。但它們有區(qū)別:(1).when作“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”解,可以指較短的(一點(diǎn))時(shí)間,也可指一段時(shí)間。從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。例如:JohnwashavinghisdinnerwhenIsawhim.當(dāng)我看到約翰的時(shí)候,他正在吃飯。Shecanwriteonlywhenthebabyisasleep.只有嬰兒睡著的時(shí)候,她才能寫作。(2).while常表示一段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過(guò)程,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或在從句動(dòng)作過(guò)程中發(fā)生。例如:Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.要趁熱打鐵。Whilewewerereading,theteachercamein.我們正在讀書的時(shí)候,老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)。

13(1).但屬下列情形時(shí),只用as,而不用when或while。①用于表示同一個(gè)人的兩種動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行,指“一邊……,一邊二例如:Thegirldancesasshesingsonthestage.那個(gè)女孩在舞臺(tái)邊唱歌邊跳舞。Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewentforward.當(dāng)他朝前走時(shí),不時(shí)地向后看。②表示兩個(gè)同步發(fā)展的動(dòng)作或行為,譯為“隨著……二例如:Astimewenton/by,shebecamemoreandmoreworried.隨著時(shí)間的流逝,她變得越來(lái)越焦慮。Ashegrewolder,hebecamemoreintelligent.隨著他年齡的增長(zhǎng),他變得更有才智了。③表示兩個(gè)短促行為或事件幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如:Ithoughtofitjustasyouopenedyourmouth.恰好在你開口時(shí),我想到了它。

14Justastheflyingwormhitherface,shegavealoudcry.恰巧在飛蟲撞到她臉上時(shí),她大哭起來(lái)。2.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句as,because,since都可以表示因果關(guān)系,連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句,含義是“因?yàn)椋捎?,但它們有區(qū)別:because表示的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng);as一般放在句首,語(yǔ)氣較弱,較口語(yǔ)化;since常常用在書面語(yǔ)中,表示多為對(duì)方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因,有時(shí)可譯作“既然”。例如:IdoitbecauseIlikeit.我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。Sincemanyofthecustomersworkduringtheday,Billyhastocollectthemoneyatnight.因?yàn)樵S多顧客白天上班,所以畢利只好晚上去收錢。Asshehasbeenillperhapsshe'11needsomehelp.她由于生病可能需要些幫助。3.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as與although(或though),however(或nomatterhow)等都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,含義是“雖然,盡管”,但它們有區(qū)別:although語(yǔ)氣稍正式些,可放在句首,也可放在句中,主句中不能再用but,但可以用yet;as

15所表示的語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序;however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它的后面可跟形容詞或副詞,也要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:Althoughtheyarepoortheyarehappy.雖然他們很窮,但很快樂(lè)。Angryashewas,hemanagedtospeakcalmly.雖然他很生氣,但是他講話很平靜。Howeverhardthequestionis,hecananswerit.不管問(wèn)題有多難他都能回答。注意:當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),句子的倒裝語(yǔ)序有以下三種形式:(1).形容詞或副詞+as+主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞be或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞。例如:Richasheis,heneverspendsacentonclothes.雖然他很富有,但他從不花一分錢在衣服上。MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon'tthinkheactedwisely.我雖然佩服他的勇氣,但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不聰明的。(2).名詞+as+主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞be(注意句首的名詞不帶冠詞)。例如:

16Childasheis,heknowsalot.盡管他是個(gè)孩子,但懂很多事情。Boyashewas,hewaschosenking.盡管他還是個(gè)孩子,但卻被立為國(guó)王。(1).實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+as+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞[如果沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞,則要加上一個(gè)do(does或did)]。例如:Tryashemay,heneversucceeds.盡管他很努力,但總是不成功。Changeyourmindasyouwill,youwillgainnoadditionalsupport.即使你改變主意,你也不會(huì)得到另外的支持。(2)導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“如",“像”,“按照……的方式工如:Iwantyoutotellmyfriendyourveryinterestingexperienceexactlyasyouhavetoldittome.我想讓你像給我講述的那樣,給我的朋友講一講你那段極其有趣的經(jīng)歷。Remember,youmustdoeverythingasIdo.記住,你必須按照我做的那樣做一切。注意:like在非正式語(yǔ)體中可以有與as相同的用法。如:

17Ican'tsinglikeIusedto.我不能像以前那樣唱歌了。Hewritesjustlikehisbrotherdidwhenhewasyoung.他現(xiàn)在寫文章正像他哥哥年輕時(shí)寫文章一樣。(1)導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句,用于“as...as...或notso/as…as…”中,前一個(gè)as是副詞,后一個(gè)as是連詞,意為“如(不如)…一樣"。如:(1).YouhateherasmuchasI(=asIhateher).(2).Idon,tspeakEnglishso/aswellashedoes.注意:句中連詞as后面的代詞實(shí)際是省略了與主句相同的部分,即例(1)可以寫成YouhateherasmuchasIhateher.如果很明顯就能看出所省略的部分,意義不會(huì)含糊不清時(shí),在口語(yǔ)中也可以用代詞的賓格形式。例:Atyourageyoucan'texpecttoplayfootballaswellasme(=asIdo).但例(1)就不能改I為me,改后意思就變?yōu)椋篩ouhateherasmuchasyouhateme.你恨她像恨我一樣深;而原句的意思為:你恨她像我恨她一樣深。三、作代詞

18as作關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),既可以單獨(dú)使用,也可以與其他詞連用,其用法要比that和which更為復(fù)雜。1.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句與其他詞連用(1).用于thesame...as結(jié)構(gòu)中ThisisthesamewatchasIhavelost.這塊手表跟我丟失的那塊一樣。(2).用于such...as結(jié)構(gòu)中Idon'tlikesuchnovelsasyourecommend.我不喜歡你推薦的那些小說(shuō)。(3).用于"so+adj.+a/an+n.(單數(shù))+as”結(jié)構(gòu)中IamnotsostrongamanasIwas.我已經(jīng)沒(méi)有從前那么強(qiáng)壯了。2.as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

19as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞,也可以是一個(gè)句子或短語(yǔ)。例如:(1)Sheislate,asisoftenthecase.她遲到了,這是經(jīng)常的事。(先行詞是整個(gè)主句)(2)Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.對(duì)事實(shí)視而不見(jiàn)一你們好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行詞是不定式短語(yǔ))注意1:(1).當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句之前時(shí),as從句所修飾的范圍是整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,也就是說(shuō),把否定意義也包括在內(nèi)。例如:Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.正如前面所說(shuō),語(yǔ)法不是一套死條文。(2).當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句之后時(shí),as從句所修飾的范圍不包括否定意義。例如:Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink.=Spidersarenotinsects.Butmanypeoplethinktheyare.許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲,但蜘蛛并不是昆蟲。

20(2).當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句位于具有否定意義的主句中間時(shí),as從句所修飾的范圍也不包括否定意義。例如:Shedidnot,asherfriendhadfeared,openthecase.她沒(méi)有打開盒子,而她的朋友就是怕她當(dāng)面打開盒子。注意2:當(dāng)修飾句子的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位于句尾時(shí),as可以用which來(lái)替代。例如:Ilivealongwayfromwork,as(which)youknow.我住得離工作單位很遠(yuǎn),這你是知道的。但是,當(dāng)as從句位于句首或句中是,as就不能用which來(lái)替代了。例如:Asyouwillfindout,Iwillneverletyoudown.你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),我絕不會(huì)使你失望的。Taiwanis,asyouknow,aninseparablepartofChina.你們知道,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。此外,如果主句為否定句,則位于句末和句中的as

21從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義,此時(shí),as也不能用while來(lái)替代。例如:Greenlandwasnotacontinent,aspeoplethought.格陵蘭并不像人們所想象的那樣是一個(gè)大陸。四、作介詞,1.表示“好像(某人)",例如:Theyenteredthebuildingdisguisedascleaners.他們化裝成清潔工人的模樣進(jìn)入大樓。2.表示“作為,當(dāng)作”,例如:Ifoundajobasateacher.我找了一份教師的工作。3.表示“當(dāng)某人是(某身份)時(shí)。例如:Asachild,shewassenttothreedifferentcountries.她兒時(shí)去過(guò)三個(gè)不同的國(guó)家。4.表示“因某人是(某身份)”,例如:

22Asherprivatesecretaryhehasaccesstoallhercorrespondence.他是她的私人秘書,能接觸到她所有的信件。注意1:as引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)大多用作狀語(yǔ),as譯為"作為",少數(shù)情況可引起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:AsaPartymember,V11taketheleadineverything.(狀語(yǔ))Sheworksasanurse.(狀語(yǔ))Tomhasmeasoneofhisbestfriends.(引起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))注意2:as和like都可以作介詞,但意義不同。as表示“以實(shí)際的身份或地位二like則表示“與…相似,以與…相類似的方式”。例如:(1).Hespokeasateacher.(2).Hespokelikeateacher.句(D的意思是:“他作為老師發(fā)言”或“他以老師的身份發(fā)言”。句(2)的意思是:“他講話很像是老師”。五、用于一些固定搭配

231.asgoodas差不多,幾乎Don'tworry,thematter'sasgoodassettled.別擔(dān)心,問(wèn)題差不多已經(jīng)解決了。Whenthecarwasrepaired,itlookedasgoodasnew.這輛汽車修理好的時(shí)候,看起來(lái)差不多就像新的一樣。2.asif/asthough似乎;好像Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.他裝著若無(wú)其事的樣子。Shetreatshimasthoughhewasherownson.她待他好像待自己的兒子一樣。另外,asif可以接一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。例如:Hewavedhishandtomeasiftohavesomethingtotellme.他向我揮手好像有什么要告訴我。3.aswellas同(一'樣也);和;還JoancanspeakChineseaswellasEnglish.瓊能講英語(yǔ)還能講漢語(yǔ)。

24Hespentallhismoney,aswellaswastinghistime.他不僅浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間,還花光了他所有的錢。1.such...as,suchas像這樣的Iboughtalotoffruits,suchasapples,oranges,bananasandsoon.我買了許多種水果,像蘋果,桔子,香蕉等。Wehadsuchbooksasyouneversaw.我們有一些你從未看過(guò)的書。2.asfor至于某人(某事物)Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.在鄉(xiāng)卜我們度過(guò)了一個(gè)愉快的周末。至于交通,我們沒(méi)遇到任何困難。3.asto關(guān)于某事物;提到某事物Idon,tknowanythingastotheothers,至于其他,我一無(wú)所知。4.soasto...以便,為了

25Studentsshouldtakenotessoastomakerevisioneasier.學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)記筆記,以便容易復(fù)習(xí)。1.asamatteroffact其實(shí);實(shí)際上Asamatteroffact,I'mveryfondofhousework.其實(shí),我很喜歡做家務(wù)。2.asaresult結(jié)果(發(fā)生某種情況)Asaresult,hehadbeengivenanexcellentjob.結(jié)果,他得到了一份極好的工作。3.aslongas只要Youmayborrowthisbookaslongasyoupromisetogiveitback.只要你答應(yīng)歸還,你就可以把這書借走??傊?,通過(guò)以上的分析,我們對(duì)as的詞性和用法有了比較全面的理解和把握,才能在實(shí)際的運(yùn)用中做到心中有數(shù),應(yīng)付自如。鞏固練習(xí)1.Shehadatenseexpressiononherface,shewereexpectingtrouble.

26A.eventhoughB.evenasC.asthoughD.nowthat1.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,wastobeexpected.A.thatB.whatC.soD.as2.mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What3.Americanseatastheyactuallyneedeveryday.A.twiceasmuchproteinB.twiceproteinasmuchC.twiceproteinasmuchD.proteinastwicemuch4.Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn,tbotheredbyhisloudnessbyhislackoftalent.A.thanB.morethanC.asD.somuchas5.Studiesshowthatthethingsthatcontributemosttoasenseofhappinesscannotbebought,agoodfamilylife,friendshipandworksatisfaction.

27A.asforB.inviewofC.incaseofD.suchas1.heworkshard,Idon,tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.A.AssoonasB.SofarasC.AswellasD.Aslongas2.thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood,clothing,fuelandalmosteverything.A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AssoonasD.AswellasKey:1-5CDAAD6-8DDD高考真題直練1.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisitisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas2.Shedoesn,tspeakherfriend,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.

28A.aswellasB.sooftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodas1.Thepianointheothershopwillbe,but.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgoodD.morecheap;notasgood2.Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire,sometimesforanhour,thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.A.aslongasB.assoonasC.asmuchasD.asmanyas3.WiththehelpoftheGermanexperts,thefactoryproducedcarsin1993astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanyastwiceC.astwiceasmanyD.twiceasmany4.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtractorsin1988astheyearbefore.

29A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas1.,hedoesn,tstudywell.A.AsheiscleverB.HeisascleverC.CleverasheisD.Ascleverheis2.,hewasunabletomakemuchprogress.A.HardashetryB.HardashetriedC.AshetriedhardD.Hetriedhard3.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentlosehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto4.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken5.isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

30A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What1.isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanandpowerfulcountryin20or30years,time.A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing2.Hedoesn*tbelievethingsyoudo.A.thesame;asB.thesame;withC.assame;asD.assame;with3.ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.ItKey:1-5DACAD6-10CCBBC11-14BCAB生活中什么事都可能會(huì)“發(fā)生(happen)”。那么,你知道怎樣使用happen這個(gè)詞嗎?下面我們就對(duì)happen的用法作一小結(jié)。happen是不及物動(dòng)詞,它的用法常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種情況:

311.表示“某地(某時(shí))發(fā)生了什么事”,常用“sth.+happen+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá),此時(shí)主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是事情。例如:Thestoryhappenedin2003.這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在2003年。Anaccidenthappenedinthatstreet.那條街上發(fā)生了一■起事故。2.表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,要用“sth.+happen+tosb."這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:Acaraccidenthappenedtoherthismorning.今天上午她發(fā)生了交通事故。Whathappenedtoyou?你怎么啦?3.表示“某人碰巧做某事",要用"sb.+happen+todosth."這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一個(gè)朋友。4.happen表示"碰巧或恰巧發(fā)生某事”時(shí),還可用“Ithappens/happenedthat...n這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:

32IthappenedthatBrianandPeterwereathomethatday.碰巧那天布萊恩和彼得在家了。Ithappenedthathehadtotakepartinameetingthatafternoon.碰巧那天下午他不得不參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。注:that從句中的主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),此種結(jié)構(gòu)可以與“sb.+happen+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例如:IthappenedthatBrianandPeterwereathomethatday.=BrianandPeterhappenedtobeathomethatday.call既可用作動(dòng)詞,又可用作名詞?call用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),既可作及物動(dòng)詞用,也可作不及物動(dòng)詞用?現(xiàn)對(duì)其用法作一簡(jiǎn)單歸納:一.用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)有以下意義:1.叫;呼喚;叫來(lái)?例如:Calladoctoratonce.快點(diǎn)叫個(gè)醫(yī)生來(lái)?

33Icalledyoubutyoudidn,thearme.我喊你,但你卻沒(méi)聽見(jiàn)?Callataxiforme.幫我叫輛出租車?1.稱(某人)為……,取名?例如:HisfriendscallhimBob.他的朋友都叫他鮑勃?2.認(rèn)為;稱為?例如:Wecalledthisasuccess.我們認(rèn)為這是一件成功的事?3.給……打電話?例如:Icalledhimthismorning.今天早上我給他打了個(gè)電話?4.邀請(qǐng)?例如:Willyoucallthefamilytodinner?你要邀請(qǐng)那一家來(lái)吃飯嗎?二.call用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)有以下意義:1.呼;喊;大叫?例如:

34Shecalledtomeforhelp.她向我呼救?1.訪問(wèn);拜訪?例如:Aladycalledwhileyouwereout.你不在家的時(shí)候,有個(gè)女士來(lái)訪?2.要求?例如:Obeywhendutycalls.服從工作需要?3.打電話?例如:Hepromisedtocallatnoon.他答應(yīng)中午打電話來(lái)?三.call用作名詞時(shí)有以下意義:1.呼聲;叫聲?例如:Weheardacallforhelplastnight.昨晚我們聽到呼救聲?2.訪問(wèn)?例如:Hemadeseveralcallsduringtheday.他在那一■天中拜訪了好幾個(gè)人?

351.電話;通話?例如:I'vejusthadacallfromTom.我剛剛接到湯姆打來(lái)的電話?2.需要;要求?例如:Sheisabusywomanwithmanycallsonhertime.她是個(gè)大忙人,有很多事等著她去辦?四.含call的常用短語(yǔ)有:1.callon/uponsbtodosth號(hào)召某人干某事;懇求?請(qǐng)(叫)某人干某事?例如:Theheadmastercalledonthestudentstoworkharder.校長(zhǎng)號(hào)召學(xué)生們更努力地學(xué)習(xí)?Wearecallinguponyoutohelpus.我們懇求你的幫助?2.callon/uponsb拜訪;看望某人;callatsomewhere登門拜訪?例如:IcalledontheSmithsyesterday.我昨天拜訪了史密斯一■家人?

36IcalledattheSmith*syesterday.我昨天去了史密斯家?Icalledonthedoctoryesterday.我昨天去看了醫(yī)生?Icalledatthedoctor'syesterday.我昨天去了醫(yī)務(wù)室?1.callout大聲叫喊?例如:Theboycalledoutforhelptothepeopleontheshore.為口個(gè)男孩向岸上的人大聲呼救?2.callin找來(lái);請(qǐng)來(lái)(有目的,為了某一任務(wù))?例如:Yourfatherisill,youshouldcallinadoctoratonce.你父親病了,你應(yīng)該馬上請(qǐng)個(gè)大夫來(lái)?Thepolicehavebeencalledintohelpmakeitclear.已請(qǐng)來(lái)了警察幫忙把這件事弄清楚?3.callfor要求,需要;提倡,號(hào)召;叫(某人);接(某人,某物);喊著要?例如:Peoplearecallingforfreedomofallslaves.人們要求解放所有的奴隸?

37Yourplanwillcallforalotofmanpowerandmoney.你的計(jì)劃需要花大量的人力和財(cái)力?Successcallsforhardwork.成功要靠勤奮?Theworkersarecallingforstrikeactioninthatcountry.那個(gè)國(guó)家的工人們正在號(hào)召起來(lái)罷工?Ourexperimentwillcallforalotofmoney.我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)將需要許多錢?Thebabyiscallingforhismother.孩子哭著找媽媽?Iwillcal1foryouatteno'clock.我10點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)接你?Themansatdownandcalledforaglassofbeer.那個(gè)人坐下來(lái),要了一杯啤酒?1.callup給打電話;征召;使想起(往事);叫醒?例如:OnreachingBeijing,shecalleduphermother.——至U)匕京,她就給她母親打了電話?

38Callmeupifyouhaveanyquestions.如果你有問(wèn)題要問(wèn),請(qǐng)給我打電話?Inmostcountries,menarecalledupattheageofeighteen.在大多數(shù)國(guó)家,男子18歲就被征召服役?Hisbrotherwascalleduprightatthebeginningofwar.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一開始,他哥哥就被征召入伍?Thephotocallsupthestoryofmygrandmother.這張照片使我想起了我的祖母?Thesoundofthebirdscalleduphappymemoriesofmychildhoodholidays.鳥叫聲使我想起我童年時(shí)度假的美好回憶?WhattimeshallIcallyouup?我?guī)c(diǎn)叫你起床?Thedoctorwascalledupfourtimeslastnighttoattendthecase.醫(yī)生昨晚被叫了四次來(lái)料理這個(gè)病人?8.callaway叫走;把叫開?例如:

39Shewascalledawayfromthemeetingtoansweranurgentphonecall.她被叫出會(huì)場(chǎng)去接一個(gè)緊急電話?8.callback叫回,召回;回電話?例如:TheycalledhimbackfromAmerica.他們把他從美國(guó)召回來(lái)?Shesaidshe,dcallback.她說(shuō)她會(huì)再打電話來(lái)?9.calloff取消?例如:Thegamewascalledoffbecauseofbadweather.因天氣惡劣,比賽被取消了?鞏固練習(xí):1.ThePartyandgovernmentthepeopletocontrolpopulationgrowth.A.calledoffB.calledforC.calledupD.calledat2.Imeantyou,butIwassobusy.A.tocallonB.callingon

40C.tocallatD.callingat1.—Mysisterisatypistataforeignfirm.—Iknowthissortofworkskillandspeed.A.asksforB.callsforC.looksforD.waitsfor2.—DidyouyoursisterwhenyouwereinShanghai?—Yes,andIalsomyuncle,sduringmystaythere.A.callon;calledonB.droppedon;visitC.callon;calledatD.callat;calledon5.Theshipseveralportstopickuppassengersbeforecrossingtheocean.A.callsforB.callsupC.callsonD.callsat

416.一WhataboutgoingtotheInternationalWomenForumthisevening?—That'sgreat.I'11youat6I00sharp.A.callupB.calltoC.callonD.callfor7.Thebabyisbadlyill,pleasecalladoctor.A.inB.forC.atD.up8.Inmyopinionmoreworkdoesnotalwaysmoremen.A.callonB.callatC.callforD.callup9.Theheadoftheworkshopthoughtitnecessaryworkersforameeting.A.callingonB.callinginC.tocallonD.tocallin

426.Thesoundofhappylaughtermemoriesofhischildhood.A.calledonB.calledatC.calledforD.calledup7.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebutthepolice.A.calledinB.callinginC.callinD.tocallin8.Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinallybecauseofthebadweather.A.setoffB.wornoffC.brokenoffD.calledoff9.Awell-writtencompositiongoodchoiceofwordsandclearorganization.A.callsonB.callsfor

43C.callsupD.callsoff6.Hecan'tdothejob,becauseitcallsskillsandpatience.A.upB.forC.onD.inKey:1-5BABCD6-10DACDD11-14DDBB

441.比較級(jí)可分形容詞(adj)的比較和副詞(adv)的比較兩種。HeistallerthanI.(他比我高)HeworksmorediligentlythanIdo.他比我更努力地工作。2.原級(jí),比較級(jí),最高級(jí)的變化A.規(guī)則變化(a)大部分一個(gè)音節(jié)和部分兩個(gè)音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞,字尾+er變成比較級(jí),字尾+est變成最高級(jí)clearclearerclearestsmallsmallersmallestnarrownarrowernarrowest

45nearnearernearestlatelaterlatest(b)字尾是短母音+單子音,加er,est時(shí)單子音需再重復(fù)一次。BigbiggerbiggestHothotterhottestFatfatterfattest(c)字尾是y,前面是輔音,把y變i,再加er,est.drydrierdriesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest三個(gè)或三個(gè)音節(jié)以上及

46(d)-able,-ful,-ive,-ing,-less,-ous等字尾的形容詞及末尾是ly的副詞,肯定加more,否定加less變成比較級(jí),肯定加most,否定加least變成最高級(jí)。diligentmorediligentmostdiligentreadablemorereadablemostreadable(less)(least)beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful(less)(least)activemoreactivemostactivecarelessmorecarelessmostcarelessbrightlymorebrightlymostbrightlyhonestlymorehonestlymosthonestly

47B.不規(guī)則變化goodbetterbestwellbetterbestmany(much)moremostlatelater(較晚的)latest(最晚的)latelatter(后者的)last(最后的)farfarther(較遠(yuǎn)的)farthestfarfurther(更進(jìn)一步的)furthestoldolderoldest(比較年齡大小)oldeldereldest(比較長(zhǎng)幼次序)1,比較級(jí)用法(a)肯定(正面)比較:more…than,-erthanThehouseisbright.這間房子很明亮。

48ThehouseisbrighterthanouroldoneinNewYork.這間房子比我們?cè)诩~約的老房子明亮。Thehouseisthemostbrightofallthehousesinwhichwehavelived.這間房子是我們所住過(guò)最明亮的一間。(b)否定(反面)比較:less…than~Heisstrong.他很強(qiáng)壯。HeislessstrongthanJoe.他沒(méi)有喬強(qiáng)壯。Heistheleaststronginhisclass.他是班上最不強(qiáng)壯的。(c)同等比較用于肯定:as+原級(jí)+as用于否定:notas-as或notso-asAnappleisasbigasanorange.蘋果和橘子——樣大。

49Thecoldsoupisn,tasdeliciousasthehotone.冷了的湯沒(méi)有熱湯好喝。Iamnotsofatasyou.我沒(méi)有你那樣胖。沒(méi)有比較級(jí)的形容詞和副詞包括:1)有些程度副詞,如:quite,rather,comparatively,incomparably,relatively,fairly等與形容詞連用具有〃比較〃含義。故這時(shí)句中的形容詞不能再使用比較級(jí)。例如:Itisasetofcomparativelynewinstrumentinourlaboratory.Thisbookisratherdifficultforthejuniors,butfairlyeasyfortheseniors.2)下列幾類形容詞也沒(méi)有比較等級(jí):(1)表示〃終極〃意義或絕對(duì)概念的形容詞或副詞。如:absolute(ly),blind,dead,

50excellent,entire,living,full,perfect(ly),round,relative,wrong等。(2)表示時(shí)間、方位或方向的形容詞或副詞。如:back,backward,forward,front,past,monthly,weekly,present,southern,vertical等。(3)部分表示事物性質(zhì)、物質(zhì)材料或結(jié)構(gòu)成分的形容詞。如:atomic,cultural,economic,educational,golden,political,scientific,silken,urban,wooden等。(4)本身具有"最"或"唯一"概念的形容詞。如:maximal,mere,minimal,matchless,sole,onlyunique等。一。形容詞的修飾與位置一般來(lái)說(shuō),從構(gòu)詞法角度來(lái)看,后綴“l(fā)y”往往是副詞,但有的以“l(fā)y'

51結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,這點(diǎn)要注意;形容詞一般可以在句子中做定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)等成份,但有些形容詞在句子中只能做表語(yǔ)和只能做前置定語(yǔ);這些形容詞在修飾時(shí)候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意,下面做了一下歸納:1以Ty結(jié)尾的是形容詞而不是副詞:costly昂貴的lonely孤獨(dú)的deadly死一般的lively活潑的friendly友好的silly傻氣的kindly熱心腸的likely可能的leisurely悠閑的ugly長(zhǎng)得丑的brotherly兄弟般的monthly每月的earthly塵世的2只作以“a”開頭的很多形容詞只能做表語(yǔ):

52afraid害怕的alike相象的awake醒著的alone單獨(dú)的,惟一的alive活著的ashamed羞愧的asleep睡著的aware意識(shí)到的、察覺(jué)到的well健康的content滿意的unable無(wú)能的3只作前置定語(yǔ)的形容詞earthen泥土做的,大地的daily每日的latter后面的golden金子般的weekly每周的inner里面的silken絲一'般的monthly每月的outer外面的wooden木制的yearly每年的elder年長(zhǎng)的woolen毛織的former前任的mere僅,只不過(guò)

53only惟一的sheer純粹的very恰好的little小的live活的4,下列動(dòng)詞既是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又是系動(dòng)詞,注意用做系動(dòng)詞時(shí),要求形容詞做表語(yǔ):remainkeepbecome,get,grow,go,come,turn,stay,stand,run,prove,seem,appear,look.如:Allthoseleftundonemaysoundgreatintheory,buteventhetruestbelieverhasgreatdifficultywhenitcomestospecifics.二。形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)1.考比較級(jí)時(shí),考生應(yīng)把握:1)形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的形式是否和比較連詞對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn),即是否符合原級(jí)比較及比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:

54Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften,orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good[Dlgoodas在這里asgoodas比較連詞與betterthan比較連詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)候,不能省略任何一個(gè)介詞。答案為AOnthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleambition.2)比較的成分是否屬于同類事物或同類概念,既是說(shuō)比較要具有可比性。如:Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear'smarathonwashalf.[A]oflastyear(s[B]thoseoflastyear,s[C]ofthoseoflastyear[D]thatoflastyear*s(前后相比的應(yīng)該是今年和去年注冊(cè)參加的人數(shù)“thenumberof”故代替它的應(yīng)該是單數(shù)指示代詞“that”,而不能選擇B,those是指代participants,不是同類對(duì)比,答案為D.

55Youngreaders,moreoftenthannot,findthenovelsofdickensfarmoreexcitingthanThackeray,s.3)比較級(jí)與倍數(shù)詞關(guān)系及其位置原級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中可插入表達(dá)倍數(shù)的詞,表示為“為…。若干倍”,當(dāng)與有表示倍數(shù)比較的詞在一起時(shí)候等,他們的位置是,倍數(shù)詞+as…as…,或倍數(shù)詞+more…than…,但again一般放在原級(jí)詞之后,即“as+原級(jí)+again+as"。如:Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.[A]sevenmoretimes[B]seventimesmore[C]overseventimes[D]seventimes(答案為B)“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?“No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidforit.”

56[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceasmuch[C]asmuchtwice[D]somuchtwice(答案為B)MyuncleisasoldagainasIam4)下列詞和短語(yǔ)不用比較級(jí)形式卻表示比較概念:inferior,minor,senior,prior,preferto,superior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwith,incomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan.如:Theirwatchistoalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super[D]beneficial(答案為A)Priortohisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.(1986年考研題)

575)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)"或"moreandmore/lessandless+原級(jí)”以及“ever,steadily,daily等副詞+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越來(lái)越……”的意思,與這類結(jié)構(gòu)搭配的常用動(dòng)詞有g(shù)row,get,become等。前面兩種情況更多地出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中,注意的是這三種情況引導(dǎo)的比較級(jí)后面都不需要用than.如:Thingsaregettingworseandworse.AsIspoketohimhebecamelessandlessangry.HerhealthwasbecomingdailyworseTheroadgoteverworseuntiltherewasnoroadatall=theroadgotworseandworse.6)比較級(jí)前面可以用even,still,yet,allthe(more)等修飾語(yǔ)用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,表示“更加”的意思。如TodayitisevencolderthanyesterdayIhaveyetmoreexcitingnewsforyou7)有關(guān)比較級(jí)的特殊句型:

58A):notsomuch…as…與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn,tsomuchariseinbirthratesafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.[A]and[B]as[C]but[D]or人口增長(zhǎng)的主要原因與其說(shuō)是因?yàn)槌錾实奶岣?,還不如說(shuō)是因?yàn)獒t(yī)療的進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的死亡率下降的結(jié)果。答案為BB)no/notanymore…than…兩者一,樣都不Theheartisintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.[A]notso[B]notmuch[Cjmuchmore[D]nomore(心臟和胃兩者都不具有智力,他們都受大腦控制。答案為D)Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.[A]muchmorethan[B]nomorethan

59[C]nolessthan[D]anymorethan(答案為D)C)no/notanyless…than…兩者一樣,都注意基本上與no/notanymore…than意思相反Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.她和她姐姐一樣漂亮D)justas-so…正如,也(用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,theatmosphere.[A]asitis[B]thesameis[C]sois[D]andsois(答案為02.最高級(jí)形式應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:1)最高級(jí)比較范圍用介詞in,over,of,among.in,(all)over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較,如:inChina,allovertheworld.

60of,among用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較,如:amongtheteachers,ofthefourdresses.注意:among…相當(dāng)于oneof不說(shuō)amongall…。這一點(diǎn)考生應(yīng)與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)區(qū)別開來(lái)如:allvisiblelights,redlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortestwavelength.[A]Among[B]Of[C]ForED]To答案為[B]2)比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)意義時(shí),比較對(duì)象的范圍應(yīng)用:anyother+單數(shù)名詞theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞theothersanyone/anythingelse

61上述詞是用業(yè)將比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級(jí)意義的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),切不可遺漏,尤其是other,否則會(huì)造成邏輯混亂的錯(cuò)誤。如不能說(shuō):Johnrunsfasterthananyone.注意與漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的不同。3)most可以用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞,意思相當(dāng)于very,用法區(qū)分單復(fù)數(shù),但不能用定冠詞the,如:amostinterestingbook,mostexpensiverestaurants,要注意與“the+形容詞最高級(jí)+of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示的最高級(jí)的區(qū)別,如:HespokeinthewarmestofvoicesTheyhavebeenmostkindtomeBasketballisthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountry.ChineseisthemostdifficultoflanguageChineseisamostdifficultlanguage三。不用比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的形容詞:1)表示顏色的有:white,black

622)表示形態(tài)的有:round,square,oval,circular,triangular(H角形),level3)表示性質(zhì)和特征的有:atomic,economic,scientific,sonic,golden,silvery,woolen,earthen,silent,full,empty,sure,dead,deaf,blind,lame,rainy4)表示狀態(tài)作表語(yǔ)的有:afraid,asleep,alive,ashamed,alone,aware,alike5)表示時(shí)間、空間和方位的有:daily,weekly,monthly,annual,present,front,back,forward,backward,east,west,south,north,left,right,final6)表示極限、主次、等級(jí)的有:maximum,minimum,utmost,main,major,chiefminor,superior,inferior,senior,junior,super,favorite7)含有絕對(duì)概念的有:absolute,entire,whole,total,perfect,excellent,thorough,complete.四。平行結(jié)構(gòu)與比較級(jí)

63平行結(jié)構(gòu)很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導(dǎo)的。如:Theideallistenerstaysbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthemomentitisplayedandenjoysitalmostasmuchasthecomposeratthemomenthecomposes.大多數(shù)情況下平行結(jié)構(gòu)都是具有一定的比較含義的,有的是遞進(jìn)對(duì)比notonly…but(also);prefer…to…;ratherthan有的是同類對(duì)比:and;but;or;both***and…;either…or…;neither…nor平行結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試時(shí)候注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語(yǔ)法形式上是否相同。如:Itisbettertodieone'sfeetthan.[A]livingonone,sknees[B]liveonone,sknees[C]onone,sknees[D]toliveonone,sknees(答案為D)

64Despitethetemporarydifficulties,themanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit.1.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。1)ratherthan,letalone雖不是并列連詞,但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法形式相同的成分。如:Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleinapersonalstyle.[A]ratherthan[B]otherthan[C]betterthan[D]lessthan答案為AForthenewcountrytosurvive,foritspeopletoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillberequired.[A]tonameafew[B]letalone[C]nottospeak[D]let,ssay(答案為B)

652)如果平行的兩個(gè)成分在形式上是介詞短語(yǔ),而且介詞相同,一般說(shuō)來(lái)第二個(gè)介詞不要省略。如:Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanintothewritingofthefeaturesandeditorials1.表示兩者之中“較用the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo。r11giveyouthebiggerofthetwosteaks;I'mnotveryhungry.我要把這塊比較大的牛排給你,我不怎么餓。2.定冠詞或指示形容詞+比較級(jí)+名詞表示比較。Thetallermanisthebossoftherestaurantandtheshorteroneishisbrother.那個(gè)身材較高的男人是餐館老板。較矮的那位是他弟弟。3.有少數(shù)以-ior結(jié)尾的屬于拉丁語(yǔ)的形容詞,如inferior(次于),

66junior(年幼的;下級(jí)的),posterior(之后),prior(之前),senior(年長(zhǎng)的,上級(jí)的),superior(優(yōu)于)等本身就有比較的意思,后面不接than,常與介系詞to連用,后面用賓格。Iamtwoyearsjuniortoyou.我比你小兩歲。該句相當(dāng)于?Iamtwoyearsyourjunior.Iamyourjuniorbytwoyears.Iamtwoyearsyoungerthanyou(are).類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有?beseniorto(年長(zhǎng)于)+賓格?beolderthan+主格besuperiorto(優(yōu)于)+賓格?bebetterthan+主格beinferiorto(劣于)+賓格?beworsethan+主格

672.比較形容詞可以被修飾語(yǔ)如alittle(一點(diǎn)),much(得多),even(更加),still(更加),far(??.得多),verymuch,any,no,rather,alot(agreatdeal),alittle(abit)等修飾,但不可用very修飾,表示某種程度。Thesunisalotbiggerandbrighterthanthemoon.太陽(yáng)比月亮大得多、亮得多。1、介詞prep.在…里;在…中Thereisnocloudinthesky.晴空萬(wàn)里無(wú)云。GlasgowisinScotland.格拉斯哥在蘇格蘭。2、介詞prep.進(jìn);入

68Rayputhishandinthewater.雷把手放進(jìn)水中。3、介詞prep.在;于(時(shí)間)Margaretstartedschoolin1973.瑪格麗特一九七三年開始上學(xué)。No,itwasin1970,not1969.不對(duì),是在1970年,不是1969年。4、介詞prep.在…(時(shí)間)以內(nèi)I*11bereadyinanhour.我一小時(shí)以內(nèi)準(zhǔn)備好。

695、介詞prep.在…(情況)中Mymotherisingoodhealth我的母親身體很好。Emmawasintears.?,斂蘖?。6、介詞prep.穿;戴Thepolicemanisinuniform.警察穿著制服。Shedresseshiminhisnewclothes.她給他穿新衣服。7、介詞prep.在…(環(huán)境)下Wewalkedintherain.

70我們冒雨行走。Theysleptintheshade.他們睡在樹蔭下。8、介詞prep.以…(方式),用…(語(yǔ)言)HespokeinItalian.他講話用意大利語(yǔ)。TheytalkedinEnglish.他們用英語(yǔ)交談。Pleasewriteinpencil,notinink.請(qǐng)用鉛筆寫,不要用鋼筆寫。TheletterwaswritteninFrench.

71信是用法文寫的。9、介詞prep.從事(職業(yè));參加(活動(dòng))He'sinthearmy.他在軍隊(duì)里10、副詞adv.向內(nèi);進(jìn)入Hejustlookedinforamoment.他只是(在門外)往里頭看了看。Comein.進(jìn)來(lái)。Stepin,please.

72請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)。11、副詞adv.在內(nèi);在家;在辦公室Isyourbrotherinorhashegonetothematch?你弟弟是在家還是看球賽去了?“IsMr.Smithin?”"No,he'sgoneoutforlunch!“史密斯先生在家嗎?”“不在,他出去吃午飯去了?!?2、副詞adv.時(shí)髦;流行Thisyear,shortskirtsare今年時(shí)興短裙。13、副詞adv.(車,船)到達(dá)

73Thetrainisin.列車到站了。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式詞尾變化有幾種:planted,watered,pulled,climbed,1.一般情況卜加ed,如watched,pickedo2.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的加d,如liked,moved,tastedo3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加ed,如studystudiedo4.以1個(gè)元音字母加1個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加ed,如stopstoppedo詞尾讀音有3種:a.在濁輔音和元音后讀[d],如lived,watered,listened,playedob.在清輔音后讀[t],如liked,helped,watchedo

74c.在[t],[d]音后讀[Id],如planted,wanted,handed(上交)。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化則沒(méi)有什么規(guī)律,請(qǐng)大家背熟記牢:sitsatthrowthrewam,iswasdrinkdrankdrawdrewarewere

75singsangilyflewdodidbeginbegangrowgrewhave,hashadswimswamputputmaymightgivegavecutcutcan-couldringrangletletshallshouldrunranreadreadwillwouldriderodecatchcaughtgo-wentwritewroteteachtaughteatatedrivedrovethinkthoughthearheard

76keepkeptbuyboughtseesawsleepfoundsweep-feelcomebecometake1)is,sleptsweptfeltcamebecametookam-wasfightfoughtfindholdheldwearworetelltoldmeetmetgetgotmeanmeantmakemadespeakspokesaysaidare-were2)begin-begangive-gavering-rangdrink-drankswim-swamsing-sangsit-satrun-ranhave-hadmake-made

77come-cameeat-ate3)write-wroteride-rodespeak-spokedrive-drovestand-stoodtell-toldwin-wonget-gottake-took4)sleep-sleptsweep-sweptfeel-feltkeep-keptspell-speltspend-spentbend-bentmeet-metgo-went5)know-knewfly-flewblow-blewgrow-grewthrow-threwdraw-drew(glow-glowed)6)teach-taughtcatch-caughtbuy-boughtfight-foughtthink-thought

787)find-foundhear-heardsay-saidlie-laysee-sawlearn-learntmean-meant8)put-putread-readcut-cutlet-let1、You,reinGradetwonow,?2、Yourfatherisaworker,?3、MaryisgoingtostudyChinese,?4、We'regoingtohaveameetingthisweek,?5、Jackisplayinginthegarden,?6、Theyalllookfine,?7、YoulikeEnglish,?

798、Kateswimsthebestinherclass,?9、MikewatchesTVeveryday,?10、Theylikespringbest,?11、Theywon,thaveagoodtime,?12、Hewillgotoseeafilm,?13、Sheisn,tgoingtobuyabook,?14nTomandMikearewatchingTV,?15、Youaredoingsomewashing,?16、MrsWhiteiscleaningtheroom,?17、Ibadarestamomentago,?

8018、Hewasateacherayearago,?19、TheywroteletterslastSunday,?20、MrSmithmadeatablelastyear,?21、Don,topenthedoor,?22、Let'sgotoschool,?23、Listentome,?24、There,slittlewaterintherive,?25、Thelittlegirlcanhardlyread,?26、HehasneverbeentoJapan,?27、ThestudentsborrowedfewEnglishbooksfromthelibrary,?28>Katemadefewmistakesintheexam,?

81參考答案1、aren,tyou4、aren,twe2、isn'the3、isn,tshe5、isnthe8、doesn,tshe6、don,tthey7、don,tyou9、doeshewon,the10、don,tthey11>willthey12、13、issheisn,tshe14、aren,tthey15、aren,tyou16、17、didntIdidn,the18^wasn*the19、didn,tthey20、21>willyouisthere22、shallwe23>willyou24、25>canshe26、hashe27、didthey28、didshe

82like是一個(gè)使用頻率較高的詞,它既可作動(dòng)詞,又能作介詞,弄不清楚的同學(xué)經(jīng)?;煜梅āO旅婢鸵呀?jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的用法歸納如下:一、作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“喜歡”,后接名詞或代詞,表示對(duì)某一事物的興趣或愛(ài)好。例如:Ilikefishandvegetablesverymuch.Jackdoesn,tlikehiswork.二、常與would,should連用,表示“想要、愿意、希望”,語(yǔ)氣較為客氣委婉。例如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要喝點(diǎn)什么嗎?Iwouldlikeabottleoforangeandtwocakes,please.我想要一瓶桔子汁和兩塊蛋糕。三、like后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),表示喜歡某項(xiàng)特定的或具體的活動(dòng)。例如:Doyouliketoplaybasketball?No.Iliketopalytabletennis.Hismotherdoesn,tliketoseeafilm.四、like后也可跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)喜歡和愛(ài)好的是一般性的行為或事實(shí)。例如:Dotheylikeplayinggames?No.TheylikewatchingTV.Thegirldoesn,tlikedoinghousework.五、Howdoyoulike…?句型主要用以詢問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某個(gè)地方或某件事物等的看法,意為“你覺(jué)得…怎么樣?”例如:

83Howdoyoulikethecity?你覺(jué)得這座城市怎么樣?Howdoyoulikethefilm?你認(rèn)為這部電影怎樣?Howdoyoulike…?和Whatdoyouthinkof…?意義相近,它們?cè)诳谡Z(yǔ)中常用Howabout…?或Whatabout…?代替。還要注意別和Whatdoyoulike…?相混,該句型主要用以詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的興趣愛(ài)好,意為“你喜歡什么?”例如:Whatdoyoulike?Ilikeswimming.六、like作介詞,意為“像”、”和……一樣”。例如:Shelookslikehermother.Theboyjumpslikeamonkey.Itlookslikerain.Wedon,tneedamanlike(1)be動(dòng)詞(is.am.are).介詞后面加ing形式。還有固定的詞組搭配要記某些動(dòng)詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),不能用不定式。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有:advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,

84giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can'tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。如:Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他們繼續(xù)走,說(shuō)個(gè)不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海灘上走真是樂(lè)事。(2)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我們正考慮為下學(xué)期制定新的計(jì)劃。Shallwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我們休息呢還是開始干活?(3)作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.這種曲子很值得多聽?zhēng)妆椤?/p>

85Wearebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeet.我們正為馬上到來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)忙著做準(zhǔn)備。(4)、作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系,表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容,主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可互換位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)⑸、作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。如:awalkingstick=astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalkingawashingmachine=amachineforwashing=amachinewhichisusedforwashing

86areadingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreadingameasuringtape=atapeformeasuring=atapewhichisusedformeasuringsleepingpills=pillsforsleeping二pillswhichisusedforsleeping

87haveV.(動(dòng)詞)had[h2d]hav.ing,has[h2z]V.tr.(及物動(dòng)詞)Tobeinpossessionof:擁有:alreadyhadacar.已經(jīng)有一輛車Topossessasacharacteristic,quality,orfunction:氣質(zhì):有…的特征、性質(zhì)或功能:

88hasabeard;hadagreatdealofenergy.蓄著胡子;精力充沛Topossessorcontainasaconstituentpart:包含:作為某物的組成部分而含有或包含:acarthathasanautomatictransmission.有自動(dòng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的汽車Tooccupyaparticularrelationto:有特殊關(guān)系:hadagreatmanydisciples.有很多信徒Topossessknowledgeoforfacilityin:具有某方面的知識(shí)或才能:hasverylittleSpanish.

89懂很少一點(diǎn)西班牙語(yǔ)Toholdinthemind;entertain:保持在腦中;懷抱:haddoubtsabouttheirloyalty.對(duì)他們的忠誠(chéng)懷有疑慮Touseorexhibitinaction:發(fā)揮:通過(guò)行動(dòng)來(lái)運(yùn)用或顯示:havecompassion.發(fā)揮同情心Tocomeintopossessionof;acquire:占有;獲得:Notonecopyofthebookwastobehadintheentiretown.

90整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)都沒(méi)有這本書Toreceive;get:收到;得到:Ihadaletterfrommycousin.我收到堂弟寄來(lái)的信Toaccept;take:接受;收納:I*11havethegreenpeasinsteadofthespinach.我想要份青豆而不是菠菜Tosufferfrom:經(jīng)受,遭受:havedefectivevision.

91視力不好Tobesubjecttotheexperience經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn):hadadifficulttimelastwinter.去年冬天口子不好過(guò)compulsion:Tocauseto,asbypersuasionor促使:通過(guò)勸說(shuō)或強(qiáng)迫導(dǎo)致…:hadmyassistantruntheerrand.讓我的助手跑腿Tocausetobe:使…成為:hadeveryonefascinated.

92把每個(gè)人都吸引住了Topermit;allow:允許;許可:myhouse.Iwon,thavethatkindofbehaviorin在我家中我可不允許做那種事Tocarryon,perform,orexecute:執(zhí)行,做,實(shí)行:haveanargument.進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)吵Toplaceatadisadvantage:把…置于不利狀態(tài):Youropponentinthedebatehadyouoneveryissue.

93你的對(duì)手在爭(zhēng)論中使你在每個(gè)問(wèn)題上都處于下風(fēng)InformalTogetthebetterof,especiallybytrickeryordeception:【非正式用語(yǔ)】利用:尤指通過(guò)詭計(jì)或欺騙利用:Theyrealizedtoolatethatthey,dbeenhadbyaswindler.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)被一個(gè)騙子耍了,但為時(shí)已晚InformalToinfluencebydishonestmeans;bribe:【非正式用語(yǔ)】賄賂:通過(guò)不正當(dāng)手段影響;賄賂:anincorruptibleofficialwhocouldnotbehad.一位不為賄賂所動(dòng)的廉潔官員Toprocreate(offspring):繁殖(后代):

94wantedtohaveachild.想要一個(gè)孩子Togivebirthto;bear:生;生育:She*sgoingtohaveababy.她就要生孩子了Topartakeof:吃喝:havelunch.吃中飯Tobeobligedto;must:被迫;必須:

95Wesimplyhavetogetthereontime.我們不得不準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到那里Toengageinsexualintercoursewith.性交:與…產(chǎn)生性關(guān)系v.aux.(助動(dòng)詞)Usedwithapastparticipletoformthepresentperfect,pastperfect,andfutureperfecttensesindicatingcompletedaction:與過(guò)去分詞連用構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)以表示結(jié)束的行為:Thetroublemakerhasgoneforgood.IregrettedthatIhadlostmytemper.Theywillhavefinishedbythetimewearrive.那搗蛋鬼已走上了正路。我對(duì)我曾大發(fā)脾氣感到后悔。他們會(huì)在我們到那里的時(shí)候完成的n.(名詞)

96Oneenjoyingespeciallymaterialwealth:富人:尤指享受物質(zhì)財(cái)富的人:“Almostovernight,therewasanewandwidespreadhostilityonthepartofthehavestowardthehave-nots”(ThomasP.O'Neill,Jr.)“幾乎是一夜之間,富人們就對(duì)窮人們滋生出一種新的和的仇恨”(小托馬斯P.奧涅爾)havev.aux.1.(加過(guò)去分詞,構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài))已經(jīng);曾經(jīng)Theyhaven'tfinishedthejobyet.他們尚未完成該項(xiàng)工作。2.(用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))(假如那時(shí))...

97的話Shemighthavecomeifshehadn,tbeensobusy.當(dāng)時(shí)若不是那么忙,她是可能來(lái)的。vt.1.有,擁有[W]Thiscoathasnopockets.這件衣服沒(méi)有口袋。2.懷有,持有[W]Manypeoplehavedoubtsaboutthenewproject.許多人對(duì)這項(xiàng)新工程有懷疑。3.體驗(yàn);經(jīng)驗(yàn);患[W]Wehadawonderfultimeonthebeach.

98我們?cè)诤┥贤娴煤脴O了。1.拿;得到,取得[W]Wegavehimapresent,buthewouldn,thaveit.我們給他一件禮物,但他不肯接受。2.進(jìn)行,從事(某事)Themanagerishavingameeting.經(jīng)理正在開會(huì)。3.吃;喝;吸(煙)Theyhadtheirlunchinacafeteria.他們?cè)谝患易灾蛷d吃了午飯。Haveacupofcoffee,please.請(qǐng)喝杯咖啡。

991.邀請(qǐng)(某人),招待[0]Wehadsomeguestsfordinnerlastnight.我們昨晚請(qǐng)了幾位客人吃飯。2(用于否定句中)容忍;允許[04]Iwon,thaveanyonesmokinginhere.我不容許任何人在這里抽煙。3生得,生育Mywifeisgoingtohaveababy.我妻子快要生孩子了。4.使,讓;招致[07][08]Pa'shadhishandsburned.爸的手給燙傷了。

100rvehadthestovelighted.我已經(jīng)讓人把爐子點(diǎn)著了。1.要;叫;使[03][04]I*11beproudtohaveyoureadit.你肯讀它我會(huì)感到驕傲的。2.必須,不得不[+to-v]Ihavetogorightnow.我馬上得走。3.【俚】哄騙,欺騙[H]Theywerehadinthatdeal.他們?cè)谀枪P生意上受了騙。4.明白,懂得[W]IguessIhaveyourideas.

101我想我明白你的意思。1.【俚】與(女人)性交n.1.富人;富國(guó)[theP]Thegapbetweenthehavesandthehave-notsiswidening.貧富之間的差距在擴(kuò)大。in,puton,wear,dress,haveon,pullon用法辨析都含有“穿、戴”之意,但用法不同。in是介詞,后接表示衣服或顏色的詞,著重于服裝的款式或顏色。它所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)只能作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例如:Thisisapictureofayoungmaninablackcoat.這是一張穿著黑色外套的年輕人的照片。這里inablackcoat是youngman的定語(yǔ)。

102Heisinablacknylonjackettoday.今天他穿著黑色尼龍夾克。Inablacknylonjacket在這個(gè)句子里作表語(yǔ)。puton"穿上、戴上”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿”“戴”的動(dòng)作,后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如:Iwantyoutoputonthiscoatandthishat.我要你穿這件外套,戴這頂帽子。Putonyourheavywintercoatifyouaregoingout.如果你要出去,穿上你的厚冬衣。pullon的意思也是“穿上”,帶有“匆忙”的意思:It'stheweekend.Iknowyou'refree.Sopullonyourjeansandcomeoutwithme.現(xiàn)在是周末,我知道你有空。所以穿上你的牛仔褲,和我一起出去吧。

103You'relate!Quicklypullonyourclothesandleave!你遲到了!快穿上衣服走吧!wear“穿著;戴著”,表示狀態(tài),賓語(yǔ)可以是衣帽,也可以是飾物、獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌?。例如:You'dbetterwearblueorblackpantswithblownshoes.穿棕色鞋子的時(shí)候,最好要穿藍(lán)色或黑色褲子。Whydoesheoftenweardarksunglasses?他為什么經(jīng)常戴著深色的太陽(yáng)鏡?dress的賓語(yǔ)通常是人,意思是“給穿衣服”。dressoneself或getdressed表示給自己穿衣服。例如:Mysonisnowabletodresshimself.我兒子現(xiàn)在自己會(huì)穿衣服了。It'stimetowakeupandgetdressed!該起床穿衣服了。bedressedin的意思是“穿著",表示狀態(tài)。Sheisdressedinafurcoat.她穿著毛皮大衣。

104dressup的意思是“盛裝打扮、喬裝打扮二I'd1ikeyoutodressupformybirthdaypartytonight.今晚我希望你為我的生日派對(duì)打扮打扮。YoungkidsoftendressupandhavefunatHalloween.萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜,小孩子通常都喬裝打扮,玩得很開心。haveon的意思是“穿著,戴著”,例如:Ifyou'rewearingblackpantsyoushouldhaveonblackshoesandablackbelt.如果你穿著黑色長(zhǎng)褲的話,你應(yīng)該要穿黑色的鞋子,配黑色的皮帶。I'11haveonblackpantsandagrayshirttomorrow.明天我會(huì)穿一條黑色的長(zhǎng)褲和一件灰色的襯衫。clothes:衣服garments:夕卜衣

105wardrobe:衣柜double-breastedsuit:雙排扣外衣clothing:(總稱)衣服ready-madeclothes:成衣suit:套裝ready-to-wear:現(xiàn)成服裝dress:女裝men,swear::男裝everydayclothes:便服women'swear:女裝three-piecesuit:三件套u(yù)nderwear:內(nèi)衣

106uniform:制服overalls:(美)工裝褲cuff:袖口formaldress:禮月艮buttonhole:紐扣孔tailcoat,燕尾服,morningcoat:大禮月艮shirt:襯衫blouse:女襯衫eveningdress:晚禮服T-shirt:T懈衫Dresscoat:燕尾服

107Vest:背心Nightshirt:襯衫式長(zhǎng)睡衣Sweater:毛衣,(厚)運(yùn)動(dòng)衫Poloshirt:馬球衫Dinnerjacket(tuxedo):【美】(男士無(wú)尾半正式)晚禮服;餐服Short-sleevedsweater:短袖運(yùn)動(dòng)衫Fulldressuniform:【軍】全裝;正式的晚禮服Round-necksweater:圓領(lǐng)運(yùn)動(dòng)衫Roll-necksweater:高翻領(lǐng)運(yùn)動(dòng)衫Grown,robe:長(zhǎng)袍。長(zhǎng)外衣Overcoat:男式大衣Furcoat:皮大衣

108Twinset:兩件套,運(yùn)動(dòng)衫褲Dustcoat:風(fēng)衣Kimono:和服Mantle;cloak:斗篷Cardigan:開襟羊毛衫Sheepshinjacket:羊皮夾克Mackintosh;raincoat:雨衣Hood:風(fēng)帽,頭巾Trousers:褲子Scarfjmuffler:圍巾Jeans:牛仔褲Shawl:披肩

109Braces:褲子背帶Bathrobe:浴衣Breeches:馬褲Nightgown;nightdress:女睡衣Belt:褲帶Pyjamas:睡衣褲Skirt:裙子Pocket:衣袋Dividedskirt;splitskirt:裙褲Lapel:上衣翻領(lǐng)Underwear;underclothes:內(nèi)衣褲Sleeve:袖子

110Underpants,pants:內(nèi)褲Briefs:短內(nèi)褲,三角褲Glove:手套Panties:女短內(nèi)褲Tie(necktie):領(lǐng)帶Brassiere;bra:乳罩Bowtie:蝶型領(lǐng)帶Corselet:緊身胸衣Cap:便帽Waistcoat:背心Hat:帶沿的帽子Slipjpetticoat:襯裙Bowlerhat:圓頂硬禮帽

111Tophat:高頂禮帽Panamahat:巴拿馬草帽Beret:貝雷帽Broad-brimmedstrawhat:寬邊草帽Girdle:腰帶Stoacking:長(zhǎng)襪silkstockings絲襪Tights:緊身衣褲Bathingtrunks:游泳褲Bathingcostume;swimsuit:游泳衣Bikini:比基尼泳衣Apron:圍裙

112Shoe:鞋Sole:鞋底Heel:鞋后跟Lace:鞋帶Moccasin:鹿皮鞋Boot:靴子Slippers:便鞋Sandal:涼鞋Clog:木拖鞋Galosh,overshoe:套鞋Headdress:頭飾Turban:頭巾

113Naturalfabric:天然纖維Cotton:棉Silk:絲Wool:毛料Linen:麻Syntheticfabric:混合纖維Nylon:尼龍Cashmere:羊毛,開司米Patterns:花樣Tartanplaid:格子花Dot:圓點(diǎn)花Strip:條紋

114Veil:面紗

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