DB43∕T 2419-2022 紫山藥種植技術(shù)規(guī)程(湖南省)

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ICS67.080CCSB3143湖南省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DB43/T2419—2022紫山藥種植技術(shù)規(guī)程Codeofpracticeforproductionofpurpleyam2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實(shí)施湖南省市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

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2DB43/T2419—2022目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范圍·····················································································································12規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································13術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································14產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································15品種選擇···············································································································16整地施基肥············································································································27定植·····················································································································28田間管理···············································································································29病蟲(chóng)害防治············································································································310采收、貯藏···········································································································311檔案管理··············································································································3附錄A（資料性）紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害防治藥劑及施用方法··················································4附錄B（資料性）紫山藥栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案····································································5I

3DB43/T2419—2022II

4DB43/T2419—2022前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定起草。請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)歸口。本文件起草單位：湖南素里養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司、長(zhǎng)沙市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心、長(zhǎng)沙縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、湖南省蔬菜研究所、長(zhǎng)沙縣湘農(nóng)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移咨詢有限公司、湖南湘印康農(nóng)科技發(fā)展有限公司、湖南漢普科技發(fā)展有限公司、湖南菜驛園農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司。本文件主要起草人：葉輝、劉翠、吳明聰、任正偉、錢(qián)艷杰、肖菲菲、黃志桃、吳雙花、李倩、郭杉。III

5DB43/T2419—2022IV

6DB43/T2419—2022紫山藥種植技術(shù)規(guī)程1范圍本文件規(guī)定了紫山藥種植產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、品種選擇、整地施基肥、定植、田間管理、病蟲(chóng)害防治、采收和檔案管理的基本要求。本文件適用于紫山藥的種植。2規(guī)范性引用文件下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。GB4285農(nóng)藥安全使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB5084農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB15618土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)NY/T393綠色食品農(nóng)藥使用準(zhǔn)則NY/T394綠色食品肥料使用準(zhǔn)則NY/T1056綠色食品貯藏運(yùn)輸準(zhǔn)則3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。3.1山藥段子Yamsegment將山藥塊莖切成段的繁殖材料。4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境產(chǎn)地土壤要求土層深厚，土層深度在80cm以上，疏松肥沃，排灌方便，地下水位1.0m以下，近3年未種植薯蕷科作物，pH值為5.5～7.0的沙壤土為宜。土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合GB15618的規(guī)定；農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)應(yīng)符合GB5084的規(guī)定。5品種選擇根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣，選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀優(yōu)良、抗病蟲(chóng)性及抗逆性強(qiáng)且商品性高的品種。山藥段子的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為直順、健壯無(wú)病、無(wú)損傷。1

7DB43/T2419—20226整地施基肥22整地前在土壤表層每667m均勻撒施生石灰50kg～100kg，并每667m施入腐熟農(nóng)家肥1000kg～21200kg，或商品性有機(jī)肥400kg～500kg，且每667m施入三元復(fù)合肥50kg～100kg，然后將土層深翻耕起壟，結(jié)合開(kāi)溝起高壟將肥料覆蓋。畦面寬1.0m～1.1m，溝寬30cm，溝深30cm～35cm。施肥后覆蓋黑色薄膜并壓緊四邊。肥料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合NY/T394的規(guī)定。7定植7.1種薯準(zhǔn)備選擇晴天將紫山藥塊莖按8cm～10cm分切成山藥段子，保留每塊段子上的皮層，確保每個(gè)段上有芽眼，分切后，將山藥段子的切口處用25％多菌靈可濕性粉劑800倍液浸種消毒10min，取出晾干后使用。7.2定植時(shí)間10cm深土壤溫度穩(wěn)定在10℃時(shí)即可播種，一般在3月中下旬～4月中下旬。7.3定植方式雙行種植。將切好的山藥段子種皮朝下、切面朝上放入定植穴內(nèi)，株距25cm～30cm，行距35cm～45cm，定植后覆土3cm～5cm。8田間管理8.1植株調(diào)整山藥苗長(zhǎng)約30cm時(shí)，保留1個(gè)～2個(gè)健壯主蔓，并去除主蔓基部1.5m以下的側(cè)蔓。莖蔓長(zhǎng)至架頂時(shí)要選擇晴天上午摘心。8.2搭架引蔓植株高25cm～35cm時(shí)，應(yīng)立支架扶蔓，采用長(zhǎng)1.8m～2.5m，直徑2cm～3cm堅(jiān)實(shí)細(xì)竹竿或細(xì)木棍搭建“人”字形架。支架插入土壤的深度以20cm為宜，最深不超過(guò)30cm，在距頂部30cm處交叉，交叉處用橫桿連在一起固定形成整體。每株選留1條～2條強(qiáng)壯主蔓，地面萌發(fā)多余枝芽及時(shí)摘除。8.3水肥管理定植成活后苗期基本不澆水。生長(zhǎng)旺盛期保持土壤見(jiàn)干不見(jiàn)濕。果實(shí)膨大期遇干旱時(shí)要及時(shí)澆灌水以確保土壤濕潤(rùn)。持續(xù)大雨或灌水過(guò)后應(yīng)及時(shí)排除積水。2在塊莖旺盛生長(zhǎng)初期，每次每667m施腐熟有機(jī)肥400kg～500kg，復(fù)合肥25kg～30kg。山藥生長(zhǎng)后期，可用0.3％的磷酸二氫鉀進(jìn)行葉面追肥。肥料使用應(yīng)符合NY/T394的規(guī)定。2

8DB43/T2419—20229病蟲(chóng)害防治9.1主要病蟲(chóng)害主要病害為山藥炭疽病、褐斑病、莖腐病、根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病等。主要蟲(chóng)害有地老虎、螻蛄、蚜蟲(chóng)等。9.2防治原則綜合采用農(nóng)業(yè)防治、物理防治及生物防治，科學(xué)合理使用化學(xué)防治。9.3主要防治方法9.3.1農(nóng)業(yè)防治因地制宜，合理輪作，有條件地區(qū)實(shí)行水旱輪作。前茬作物收獲后，及時(shí)清潔田園。選用抗病品種。發(fā)現(xiàn)殘株及時(shí)清除。9.3.2物理防治2設(shè)置殺蟲(chóng)燈誘殺，每1hm地塊安裝一盞太陽(yáng)能殺蟲(chóng)燈或頻振式殺蟲(chóng)燈誘殺地老虎、金龜子、螻蛄2等害蟲(chóng)成蟲(chóng)。每667m安插黃板20塊，誘殺蚜蟲(chóng)和粉虱等。9.3.3生物防治保護(hù)利用田間的絨繭蜂、赤眼蜂、草蛉、食蟲(chóng)瓢蟲(chóng)、蜘蛛等害蟲(chóng)天敵?？墒褂糜￠?、除蟲(chóng)菊素、魚(yú)藤酮、苦參堿、康壯素、Bt等生物源農(nóng)藥。9.3.4化學(xué)防治紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)防治方法見(jiàn)附錄A。農(nóng)藥安全使用應(yīng)符合GB/T8321和NY/T393的要求。10采收、貯藏10.1采收10月中旬至11月上旬，地上植株逐漸枯萎，地下塊莖膨大停止可收獲。根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求，可在8月、9月提前上市。將地上植株莖蔓割掉，從壟的一端進(jìn)行開(kāi)坑深挖45cm～65cm，然后順次將山藥提起，選擇優(yōu)良?jí)K莖可作為種薯。去掉泥土，忌用水洗。結(jié)束后，地膜、殘株等進(jìn)行無(wú)害化處理。10.2貯藏貯存時(shí)應(yīng)按種薯和鮮食分別貯藏，種薯于霜降前后入窖或貯存于溫度為5℃～10℃的干燥室內(nèi)；鮮食紫山藥存放于5℃～15℃陰涼、干燥的庫(kù)內(nèi)，保持氣流均勻流通。貯藏應(yīng)按NY/T1056的準(zhǔn)則執(zhí)行。11檔案管理生產(chǎn)檔案管理表見(jiàn)附錄B。檔案保管2年以上，做到防蟲(chóng)、防潮、防霉。3

9DB43/T2419—2022附錄A（資料性）紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)防治藥劑及施用方法表A.1紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)防治藥劑及施用方法病蟲(chóng)害名稱防治方法使用次數(shù)安全間隔期1．10％苯醚甲環(huán)唑水分散粒劑1500倍液噴霧；炭疽病2．25％咪鮮胺乳油1500倍液；連續(xù)交替噴灑2～3次7天3．80％代森錳鋅可濕性粉劑700倍液噴霧。1．發(fā)病初期噴50％退菌特600倍液1次；褐斑病2．70％甲基托布津1000倍液；連續(xù)交替噴灑2～3次7天3．75％百菌清可濕性粉劑。1．在發(fā)病初期用50％多菌靈400～500倍液或75％百菌清莖腐病600倍液；連續(xù)交替灌根2～3次10天2．95％敵克松200～300倍液灌根。1．種薯用波爾多液進(jìn)行消毒；根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病連續(xù)交替噴灑2～3次7天2．整地時(shí)施用3％克百敵1000倍液進(jìn)行土壤消毒。地老虎1．90％晶體敵百蟲(chóng)1000倍～1500倍液進(jìn)行澆灌防治；連續(xù)使用2～3次7天2螻蛄1．整地時(shí)每667m用敵百蟲(chóng)顆粒劑2kg均勻撒施。連續(xù)使用2～3次7天1．10％吡蟲(chóng)啉可濕性粉劑1000～1500倍液噴霧；蚜蟲(chóng)2．50％抗蚜威可濕性粉劑1000倍液噴霧；連續(xù)交替噴灑3次10天3．10％溴氰蟲(chóng)酰胺懸乳劑1000～1500倍液噴霧。4

10DB43/T2419—2022附錄B（資料性）紫山藥栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案表B.1紫山藥栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案年份：地點(diǎn)：品種：記錄人：一、基本情況種植面積栽培方式定植時(shí)間始收時(shí)間終收時(shí)間二、肥料使用使用時(shí)間肥料名稱類型使用范圍使用方法使用量登記證號(hào)三、農(nóng)藥使用使用時(shí)間農(nóng)藥名稱劑型使用目的使用方法使用量登記證號(hào)5