資源描述:
《小學(xué)英語祈使句講解及練習(xí).docx》由會員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
01什么是祈使句用來表示請求、命令、叮囑、建議等的句子叫祈使句。特點(diǎn):1)謂語動詞用原形2)句子沒有主語3)句末使用感嘆號或者句號例:Openthedoorquickly!快打開門!02祈使句用法1.祈使句的肯定句1)以系動詞be開頭的祈使句這種句式的結(jié)構(gòu)是:Be動詞+其它成分(形容詞、名詞或介詞短語等)例如:Bequiet/quick!?????????Beagoodstudent!?
Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.2)以實(shí)義動詞開頭的祈使句這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:行為動詞原形+其它成分例如:Comein,please!請進(jìn)!??Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.?請起立。3)let句型這種祈使句的常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:Let’s/letus+動詞原形;或者是Let+?賓語+其他。Let’splayfootball!?我們一起踢足球吧!Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你。2.祈使句的否定句1)Dont+?動詞原形Dontbecareless.別粗心。Don’tbelateagain.不要再遲到。Dontletthemplaywithfire.別讓他們玩火。Don’tlookatyourbooks.不要看書。2)Let引起的祈使句的否定形式
a.Lets(Letsb.)+not+?動詞原形Letsnotsayanythingaboutit.對于這件事,咱們什么也別說。Letthemnotplaywithfire.別讓他們玩火。b.Don’t+let+賓語+動詞原形+其他Don’tletJimdothat.別讓吉姆做那事。Don’tletusgo,please.請不要讓我們走。3)在公共場合的提示語中,否定祈使句常用“No+名詞?/V-ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“禁止做某事”例如:NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照!Noparking!禁止停車!3.祈使句的反意疑問句1)肯定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分用willyou或wontyouPleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou??請把門打開,好嗎?Besuretowritetous,will/won’tyou?你一定要給我們寫信,好嗎?2)否定祈使句的反意疑問句反問部分只用willyouDontbelateagain,willyou?別再遲到了,行不行?Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou??不要在會議室抽煙,好嗎?
3)以lets開頭的祈使句反意疑問句反問部分用shallweLetsturnontheTV,shallwe?我們把電視打開,好嗎?以letus?開頭的祈使句反意疑問句的反問部分應(yīng)為willyou或wontyouLetusstayhere,will/wontyou?請(你)讓我們留在這好嗎?4.祈使句的回答祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作回答祈使句時,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時,要注意兩點(diǎn):1)?形式一致:即Yes與will保持一致;No與won’t保持一致。2)?意思相反:即Yes是?“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答時,要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。例如:-Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。?-Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行,我得去機(jī)場接我弟弟5.祈使句使用時應(yīng)注意的問題1)在表達(dá)請求或勸告時,有時為了表示委婉的語氣,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果please加在句末,應(yīng)用逗號將其與前面的部分隔開。
例如:Sitdown,please.請坐。Pleaselookafterthetwins.請照顧一下雙胞胎。2)在意思比較明顯的情況下,可以把謂語動詞省略例如:Thisway,please.請這邊走。3)有時為了加強(qiáng)語氣,可以在動詞前使用do例如:Dobecareful!一定要小心!4)有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)對方,也可加上主語you,人名或everybody,anybody等不定代詞例如:YousweepthefloorandIcleanthewindow.你來掃地我來擦窗戶。Standup,everybody.請大家起立。5)有時為了明確向誰提出請求或發(fā)出命令,可加稱呼語,但稱呼語要與句子用逗號隔開。?例如:Puttheshirtonthebed,Jim.吉姆,把襯衫放床上。03練習(xí)
1.______withfire.It’sverydangerous.????A.Playing ????B.Play ????C.Don’tplay ????D.Doesn’tplay2.Don’t_____theradio.Thebabyissleeping.????A.turnoff ????B.turnon ????C.turnover ?????D.turndown3._____hardandyou’llmakeprogressin?English.????A.Work????????B.Towork???????C.Working???????D.Worked4._____worriedaboutmeMom.I’vegrownup.????A.Don’t????????B.Don’tbe???????C.Not???????D.Notbe5._______lateagain,Bill!????A.Donttobe???????B.Dontbe???????C.Notbe???????D.Benot6._______crosstheroaduntil(直到)thetrafficlightsturngreen.????A.Not??????B.Wont??????C.Doesnt???????D.Dont7.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______?????A.willI???????B.willyou???????C.shallI???????D.shallwe8.Dontmakesomuchnoise,______?????A.willyou???????B.wontyou???????C.shallwe???????D.doyou9.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.????A.bring???????B.brings???????C.tobring???????D.bringing10.________methetruth,orIllbeangry.????A.Telling???????B.Totell???????C.Told???????D.Tell參考答案1.C.從句子的后面意思可以判斷前面應(yīng)該用否定句,本句子是祈使句,祈使句的否定句是在句子前面加助動詞don’t,在句子開頭要大寫。2.B.本句子是考查祈使句的否定句的用法。從后面句子的意思“孩子在睡覺”可以理解前面的句子是用祈使句的否定句表示“不要打開收音機(jī)”的意思。3.A.本句為祈使句的肯定句。祈使句的肯定句以動詞原形開頭,故本題選A。4.B.句是祈使句的否定句,祈使句的否定句用don’t+動詞原形,“beworriedaboutsth./sb.”意為“為……擔(dān)心”。故本題選B。5.B.句意:“不要再晚了,Bill?!?,因此可知本句是be動詞做謂語的祈使句的否定式。以Don’t開頭,后面用be的原形。6.D.本句是行為動詞的祈使句的否定式,在句首加Don’t.7.B.肯定祈使句的反義疑問句,用willyou或者won’tyou。8.A.否定祈使句的反義疑問句用willyou。9.A.祈使句以動詞原形開頭。10.D.祈使句以動詞原形開頭。04真題
1._______onthegrass,oritwill“cry”.????A.Towalk???????B.Nottowalk????????C.Walk?????????D.Don’twalk2._______swimintheriveralone,Karen.It’stoodangerous.?????A.Not??????????B.Don’t??????????C.Doesn’t3.________alongthisstreet,andyoucanfindthehotelonyourright,nexttothemarket.?????A.Walk?????????B.Towalk?????????C.Walks????????D.Walking4.Daniel,_______playwiththemobilephonewhileyou’rewalkinginthestreet.?????A.don’t????????B.doesn’t??????????C.won’t????
????D.can’tⅡ.將以下祈使句改為否定式。1.Comehereearly.?________________________2.Askhim._________________________3.Pleasewaitforher.?___________________________4.Readthebookcarefully.___________________________?5.Situnderthetree,please._____________________________6.Let’sgotheretogether._____________________________Ⅲ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?(改為祈使句)?__________againmoreslowly,please.2.Letswatchthesportsgames.?(改為反意疑問句)Letswatchthesportsgames,__________?3.PleasesitnexttoNancy.(改為否定句)__________nexttoNancy.
4.Dontforgettoturnoff(關(guān)掉)thelights,please.(改為反意疑問句)Dontforgettoturnoffthelights,__________?5.Cometomyhousetomorrow.(改為反意疑問句)Cometomyhousetomorrow,__________?Ⅳ.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.It’sanimportantmeeting._______(not,be)late.2._______(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.3._______(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand______(be)polite.4.________(not,talk)and________(read)aloud.5.________(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6.________(look)out!Acariscoming.7.________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.8.________(not,let)thebabycry.9.Wearmoreclothesoryou_______(catch)acold.10.Let’s________(not,say)anythingaboutit.參考答案1.D.祈使句的否定句,直接在動詞原形前加don’t。
2.B.本句命令不要在河里獨(dú)自游泳,有危險。否定祈使句。3.A.肯定祈使句,動詞原形開頭。Walkalongthestreet…意為“沿著這條街……”。4.A.否定祈使句,命令別人不要做某事。動詞原形前加don’t。Ⅱ.將以下祈使句改為否定式。1.Don’tcomehereearly.2.Don’taskhim.3.Don’twaitforher,please.4.Don’treadthebookcarefully.5.Don’tsitunderthetree,please.6.Let’snotgotheretogether.Ⅲ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1.Readit???2.shallwe??3.Don’tsit???4.willyou???5.will/won’tyou??
Ⅳ.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Don’tbe???2.Don’tmake??3.Don’tspeak,be??4.Don’ttalk,read??5.Don’tleave6.Lookout???7.Give???8.Don’tlet???9.willcatch??10.notsay