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華東師范大學(xué)第二附屬中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高二第二學(xué)期3月份階段檢測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)試題(考試時(shí)間:120分鐘卷面滿分:140分)I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecide-whichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Shedoesn’tworkhardinmaths.B.Sheisinferiortohiminmaths.C.Shedidn’tdowellinthistest.D.Sheisgoodatmaths.2.A.Thelibrarywillbeclosedlaterthisafternoon.B.Thecomputersinthelibraryarenotworking.C.Themanneedshiscomputerallafternoon.D.Thewomanhaslenthercomputertosomebody.3.A.Goingtotheoperaistime-consuming.B.Thereisnotimelefttoorderoperatickets.C.Shewouldliketogowiththemantotheopera.D.Shewillhelpthemanpayfortheoperatickets.4.A.Worththeprice.B.Expensive.C.Mysterious.D.Goodforhealth.5.A.11:00a.m.B.12:00p.m.C.1:00p.m.D.3:00p.m.6.A.Thewomanshouldchangeherlivingarrangement.B.Thewomanwillhavetocallherroommate.C.Thewomanshouldnotspendsomuchtimeonthephone.D.Thewomandoesnotcleanherapartmentoftenenough.7.A.Shealsothinksthelecturewasinteresting. B.Shewastootiredtoenjoythelecture.C.Shemissedthelecturethismorning.D.Shedidnotfinishthereadingbeforethelecture.8.A.Herworkexperience.B.Thecoursesshehastaken.C.Herknowledgeofthegraduateschool.D.Thedescriptionofheracademicperformance.9.A.Thewomandoesnotliketodrinkcoffeeintheafternoon.B.Itwasnotthewoman’scoatthatthemanspilledthecoffeeon.C.Thewomanjusthadhercoatcleaned.D.Thewomanisnotangrywiththeman.10.A.Shehopestogetintoartschool.B.Sheisworkingasacommercialartist.C.Shehastalentsotherthandrawing.D.Shecannotdecideuponacareer.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Whatacountrydoestopromotepunctuality.B.HowbusinessinEcuadorhavebeendeveloping.C.Whatpeoplefromdifferentareasthinkofpunctuality.D.HowEcuadorrespondstoCitizens’Participation’sappeal.12.A.Ithascausedmanypubliceventstobecancelled.B.Itismorecommonamonggovernmentofficials.C.ItisatraditionwithalonghistoryinEcuador.D.IthascostEcuadormuchmoneyeveryyear.13.A.Theyworkhardtoprotestagainstit. B.Theyareinfavorofit.C.Theyholdmeetingstodiscussit.D.Theywaitandseewhatwillhappen.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Whywomenneedmoregossipthanman.B.Howwoman’sconversationsaredifferentfrommen’s.C.Whatresearchfindsabouttopicspreferredbymanandwomen.D.Whethermencanconcentrateononemattermoreeasilythanwomen.15.A.Health,B.Politics.C.Education.D.Football.16.A.Womenusuallysticktoonesubjectwhiletalkingwitheachother.B.Menareoftengoodatdealingwithseveralmattersinameeting.C.Men’stalktendstocoveronlyasmallrangeofsubjects.D.Women’sconversationsaremeanttoexchangeopinions.Questions17through20arebasedonthefallowingpassage.17.A.Herhusbandworksthere.B.ShecanspeakArabic.C.Itisabeautifulcity.D.Sheneedsarest.18.A.Shehasbeentravelingaroundthecity.B.ShehasbeenteachingchildrenEnglish.C.Shehasbeenlearningdrawingandpainting.D.ShehasbeenlookingforanArabicteacher.19.A.Grammar.B.Reading.C.Writing.D.Pronunciation.20.A.Sheisgenerousandfriendly.B.ShelovesArabicmusic.C.SheunderstandsEnglishculture.D.Sheisgoodatdancing.III.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence. 1.Whenthebosscomplainedabouttheslowprogressoftheproject,she________toyoupersonally,buttotheDepartmentasawhole.A.hasn’treferredB.wasn’treferringC.hadn’treferredD.wouldn’trefer【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)老板抱怨項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展緩慢時(shí),她不是指你個(gè)人,而是指整個(gè)部門。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則,主句的基本時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)該是過去時(shí)。A項(xiàng)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);B項(xiàng)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí);C項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí);D項(xiàng)是過去將來時(shí)。通過分析得知,“refer”和“complained”應(yīng)該是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,所以本句為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。2.Hopefullyin2030wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother,forwe________communicationtoolsbythen.A.havedevelopedB.haddevelopedC.willhavedevelopedD.developed【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:希望在2030年,我們將不再互相發(fā)送電子郵件,因?yàn)榈侥菚r(shí)我們將開發(fā)出通信工具。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bythen可知,應(yīng)使用完成時(shí)態(tài),結(jié)合句意可知,then指的是2023年,為將來的時(shí)間,截止到2023年,該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,所以應(yīng)使用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)。3.He’sbeeninformedthathe________forthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.A.hasn’tqualifiedB.hadn’tqualifiedC.doesn’tqualifyD.wasn’tqualifying【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他被告知,由于他的學(xué)術(shù)背景,他沒有資格獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。根據(jù)“hasbeeninformed”及句意可知,排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng);“沒有資格”屬于客觀事實(shí),所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。4.Lynn________Florencebyplanewhich________at8:30nextmorning.A.isleavingfor;willleaveB.isleavingfor;leavesC.willleavefor;willleaveD.leavesfor;leaves【答案】B【解析】 【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:林恩要乘飛機(jī)去佛羅倫薩,飛機(jī)明天早上八點(diǎn)半起飛。根據(jù)句意可知,第一空表示即將乘坐飛機(jī)前往佛羅倫薩,leave為位移動(dòng)詞,可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來;第二空表示飛機(jī)第二天早上八點(diǎn)半起飛,屬于按照時(shí)刻表發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。故選B項(xiàng)。5.Iwassenttotheworksitelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan______inthepasttwoyears.A.hadbeencarriedoutB.wouldbecarriedoutC.isbeingcarriedoutD.havebeencarriedout【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:上個(gè)月我被派往工地,去看看過去兩年的發(fā)展計(jì)劃是如何執(zhí)行的。本句話是how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句的主語(yǔ)是thedevelopmentplan,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是carryout,根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inthepasttwoyears以及前文的過去時(shí)wassent,可知此處表示過去的過去,需要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài),主謂之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故選A項(xiàng)。6.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which______bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’sstatusasaleadingnovelist.A.havebeenB.wereC.wasD.willbe【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:《遠(yuǎn)大前程》的出版,得到了廣泛的評(píng)論和高度的贊揚(yáng),加強(qiáng)了狄更斯作為主要小說家的地位。A.havebeen現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);B.were一般過去時(shí);C.was一般過去時(shí);D.willbe一般將來時(shí)。分析句子,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞which指代先行詞publication,所以謂語(yǔ)是單數(shù);根據(jù)句意,敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過去時(shí)。故選C。7.Theproducersofthetalkshowdeniedthatthejokewastoooffensive,insistingthattheymerely________toaddaslighttouchofhumor.A.weremeantB.hadmeantC.havemeantD.hadbeenmeant【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:脫口秀的制片人否認(rèn)這個(gè)玩笑太令人不適,堅(jiān)持說他們?cè)局皇谴蛩阍黾右稽c(diǎn)幽默。hadmeanttodo,意思是“過去原本打算做而實(shí)際上沒做”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,脫口秀是過去的事情,制片人的打算也是過去的語(yǔ)境中發(fā)生的,再結(jié)合語(yǔ)義,表示“制片人過去原本打算”,故選B。8.Byhiringregionalmusicianstoplayincommonareassuchaslobbiesandwaitingrooms,theCenStageArtsin Healthprogram______anenvironmentofmusicallovercampusforthepastfiveyears.A.iscreatingB.wasabouttocreateC.hasbeencreatingD.willbecreating【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在過去的五年里,theCenStageArtsinHealth這個(gè)項(xiàng)目通過聘請(qǐng)地區(qū)音樂家在大廳和候診室等公共區(qū)域演出,在校園內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)音樂環(huán)境。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“forthepastfiveyears”可知,句子需要使用完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在過去的五年時(shí)間內(nèi)一直給校內(nèi)創(chuàng)造音樂環(huán)境,并將繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。所以表示發(fā)生在過去,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且將繼續(xù)下去,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。9.Thecountry________itsborderswhenawaveofrefugees________in,whichputaseverestrainonitssocialwelfaresystem.A.scarcelyopened;floodedB.hadscarcelyopened;hadfloodedC.scarcelyopened;hadfloodedD.hadscarcelyopened;flooded【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:該國(guó)剛剛開放邊界,難民潮就涌入,給該國(guó)的社會(huì)福利制度帶來嚴(yán)重壓力。分析句子可知,此處是scarcely…when…引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“一……就……”,該句式結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過去完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。10.Bynextyear,drywasteburningandwetwastetreatmentratesinShanghai______toreach27,800tonsaday,around80%ofthecity’stotalgarbage.A.areexpectedB.willhavebeenexpectedC.haveexpectedD.areexpecting【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意:到明年,上海的干垃圾焚燒和濕垃圾處理率預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)每天27800噸,約占該市垃圾總量的80%。固定短語(yǔ)beexpectedtodo表示“預(yù)計(jì)/有望……”,此處表示一種客觀的預(yù)測(cè),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故選A。SectionB Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblanks‘withagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.OnJanuary10,Ugandareopenedschoolsafterthelongestclosureintheworld____11____thecoronaviruspandemic.Formoststudents,itwastheirfirsttimebackintheclassroominnearlytwoyears.Whenthebuildingsfirstshuttered,theMinistryofEducationbroadcastlessonsonTVandradiostations,andsomeschoolshandedoutprintedmaterials.Butthisdidnotlastforlackoffunding.Sothe____12____(estimate)15millionchildrenaffectedbythisclosureputtheirstudiesonhold.Uganda’sNationalPlanningAuthorityinAugust2021projectedthat4.5millionofthemwilllikelynotreturntoschool.Thereasonsforthedropoutsaremanifold.Theteenpregnancyraterosesignificantly.Andmanypoorchildreninurbanandruralareas____13____(force)tostartworkingtohelpsupporttheirfamilies.,“Theyturnedchildrenintolaborersandthatwasaloss,especiallyforafamilythathasreliedforalmosttwoyearsonchildlabor,”saysMunirSafieldin,theUNICEFUgandarepresentative.Plus,inaneconomypinchedbythepandemic,manyfamiliescannotcurrentlyaffordthefees,____14____startatabout$135pertermforhighschool,andothercosts(includingacademicmaterialsanduniforms).Childrenwhoareabletoreturnschoolhavebeenpromotedonegradelevel,adecisionmadebytheMinistryofEducationtoguaranteespotsfornewly____15____(enter)students.Butmanyfamiliesandexpertsareconcerned.MaryGorettiNakabugo,theexecutivedirectorofUwezoUganda,anonprofitorganizationworking____16____(promote)equitablequalityeducation,arguesthatevenbeforetheclosure,manyofUganda’syoungerstudentshadnotyetacquiredbasicfundamentals,suchasreadingandunderstandingatext.“Thisisthetimeforustorethinkourcurriculum,ourteachingandlearning,____17____studentswhoareunpreparedforclasseswillonlyendupeven____18____(far)behind.”KusemererwaJonathanHenry,ateenagerlivinginKamwokya,oneofthelargestslumsinthecapitalofKampala,hadjuststartedhighschoolandmadenewfriends____19____thelockdownstarted.“Wewereusedtotheshortschoolbreaksbutthiswastoolong.Atfirst,allIwoulddoissitathomeandsleep;,hesays.Fortunately,hisdad’sfinancialhelpcombinedwithhispersonalsavingsallowedJonathantoopenafruitandvegetablestall.”Beforethelockdown,Ineverknewhowtofendfor____20____,butnowIdon’tevenneedtoaskformoneytobuyclothes.“Still,Jonathanlongedtogetbacktoclass.”Thedayadatewasannouncedforustoresumeschool,Iwashedmyuniforms,bagsandpolishedmyshoes,that’showexcitedIwastogetback.”【答案】11.dueto##owingto##becauseof12.estimated 13.wereforced14.which15.entering16.topromote17.because18.farther##further19.when20.myself【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講烏干達(dá)在世界上關(guān)閉時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的學(xué)校后重新開放學(xué)校。【11題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意:1月10日,烏干達(dá)因新冠病毒大流行,在世界上關(guān)閉時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的學(xué)校后重新開放學(xué)校。分析句子可知,此空應(yīng)填介詞,再根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)表示“由于”新冠病毒而關(guān)閉。故填dueto/owingto/becauseof。【12題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:因此,估計(jì)有1500萬兒童因關(guān)閉而受到影響,他們研究被擱置。分析句子可知,此空應(yīng)填分詞作定語(yǔ),修飾后面名詞,且15millionchildren和estimate為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以這里應(yīng)填過去分詞。故填estimated?!?3題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的許多貧困兒童被迫開始工作以幫助養(yǎng)家糊口。分析句子可知,這里應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,且manypoorchildren和force為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且這里時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填wereforced。【14題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:此外,在受疫情影響的經(jīng)濟(jì)中,許多家庭目前無法負(fù)擔(dān)高中每學(xué)期約135美元的學(xué)費(fèi)以及其他費(fèi)用(包括學(xué)習(xí)材料和校服)。分析句子可知,這里考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為fees,在從句中作主語(yǔ)。故填which?!?5題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:有能力返校的兒童已被提升一個(gè)年級(jí),這是教育部為保證新入學(xué)學(xué)生入學(xué)而做出的決定。分析句子可知,這里考查分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾后面名詞,且students和enter為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填entering。【16題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:烏干達(dá)Uwezo(一個(gè)致力于(促進(jìn))公平優(yōu)質(zhì)教育的非營(yíng)利組織)的執(zhí)行董事瑪麗·戈雷蒂·納卡布戈(MaryGoretti Nakabugo)認(rèn)為,即使在關(guān)閉之前,烏干達(dá)的許多年輕學(xué)生還沒有獲得基本的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),如閱讀和理解文本。分析句子可知,此空考查非謂語(yǔ),再根據(jù)句意可知,這里應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填topromote?!?7題詳解】考查連詞。句意:現(xiàn)在是我們重新思考課程、教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候了,因?yàn)闆]有做好上課準(zhǔn)備的學(xué)生最終只會(huì)落后得更遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)句意可知,前后兩句為因果關(guān)系,所以這里應(yīng)用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。故填because?!?8題詳解】考查副詞比較級(jí)。句意:現(xiàn)在是我們重新思考課程、教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)候了,因?yàn)闆]有做好上課準(zhǔn)備的學(xué)生最終只會(huì)落后得更遠(yuǎn)。分析句子可知,even后應(yīng)用形容詞或者副詞比較級(jí),所以這里應(yīng)填farther或further,為副詞比較級(jí)。故填farther/further?!?9題詳解】考查連詞。句意:庫(kù)塞默爾瓦·喬納森·亨利(KusemerwaJonathanHenry)是一名住在坎沃基亞(Kamwokya)的青少年,坎沃基雅是坎帕拉首都最大的貧民窟之一。封鎖開始時(shí),他剛上高中,交了新朋友。根據(jù)句意可知,這里考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)用連詞when引導(dǎo)。故填when?!?0題詳解】考查代詞。句意:在封鎖之前,我從不知道如何照顧自己,但現(xiàn)在我甚至不需要要錢買衣服。由句意可知,這里指照顧自己,所以此空應(yīng)用反身代詞myself。故填myself。SectionCDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.implicationsB.pieceC.survivalD.revolutionE.varyingF.climaticG.stretchingH.delicatelyI.migrateJ.merelyK.shiftsClimateChangeWhenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itcameaggressively.Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly40feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopleto_____21_____inland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshiftedgreatlyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifeforanew_____22_____strategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.AsenvironmentalistsmeetinRiodeJaneirothisweektothinkcarefullyabouttheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemiddleofa(n)_____23_____inunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepastand howthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebegunto_____24_____togetheraninspiringpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcestochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiod_____25_____backhundredsofmillionsofyears.Mostimportantly,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethatthe_____26_____changeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimate_____27_____playedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeen_____28_____touchedbyglobalclimatechange.Somescientistsargueithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.Thenewresearchhasfar-reaching_____29_____fortheenvironmentsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thepleasantglobalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000yearsisamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidely_____30_____climateovertheages.Infeet,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefutureevenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.【答案】21.I22.C23.D24.B25.G26.F27.K28.J29.A30.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了氣候變化給地球和人類帶來的影響以及科學(xué)家們對(duì)這些問題的研究。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:海平面上升了近40英尺,淹沒了沿海定居點(diǎn),迫使人們向內(nèi)陸遷移。根據(jù)句意和空格前的不定式符號(hào)to可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形,且意義為“遷移”,migrate(遷移)是動(dòng)詞,符號(hào)題意。故選I項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞。句意:在把周圍的許多動(dòng)物逼到瀕臨滅絕之后,人們被迫放棄了舊的生活方式,轉(zhuǎn)而采用新的生存策略,這導(dǎo)致了廣泛的饑餓和疾病。根據(jù)句意和空格前的“abandontheiroldwayoflife”以及空格后的名詞strategy分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞作定語(yǔ),且意義為“生存”,survival(生存)是名詞,符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)?!?3題詳解】 考查名詞。句意:本周,環(huán)保人士齊聚里約熱內(nèi)盧,仔細(xì)思考未來的全球氣候,而地球科學(xué)家們正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)革命,了解過去氣候是如何變化的,以及這些變化是如何改變?nèi)祟惿娴?。根?jù)句意和空格前的不定冠詞a可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,且意義為“革命”,revolution(革命)是名詞,符合題意。故填D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:研究人員已經(jīng)開始拼湊出一幅鼓舞人心的畫面,顯示出在數(shù)億年的時(shí)間里,強(qiáng)大的地質(zhì)和天文力量改變了地球的環(huán)境,從熱到冷,從濕到干,然后再變回來。根據(jù)句意和空格前的不定式符號(hào)to以及空格后的together可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形和后面的together構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),piece是動(dòng)詞,piecetogether意義為“拼湊,拼合”。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:研究人員已經(jīng)開始拼湊出一幅鼓舞人心的畫面,顯示出在數(shù)億年的時(shí)間里,強(qiáng)大的地質(zhì)和天文力量改變了地球的環(huán)境,從熱到冷,從濕到干,然后再變回來。根據(jù)句意和空格前的名詞period分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ),修飾前面的period,和后面的back構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),且意義為“追溯到”,stretching是現(xiàn)在分詞,可以作定語(yǔ),stretchback意義為“追溯到”,符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查形容詞。句意:最重要的是,科學(xué)家們開始意識(shí)到氣候變化已經(jīng)對(duì)人類物種的進(jìn)化產(chǎn)生了重大影響。根據(jù)句意和空格后的名詞changes可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ),且意義為“氣候的”,climatic(氣候的)是形容詞,符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)?!?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意:新的研究表明,氣候變化在人類進(jìn)化的幾乎每一個(gè)重大轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)上都發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。根據(jù)句意分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ),且意義為“改變”,shifts(改變)是名詞,符合題意。故選K項(xiàng)?!?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意:事實(shí)上,人類歷史不僅僅受到全球氣候變化的影響。根據(jù)句意和空格后的touched分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ),修飾后面的touched,且意義為“僅僅”,merely(僅僅)是副詞,符合題意。故選J項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞。句意:這項(xiàng)新研究對(duì)里約熱內(nèi)盧的環(huán)境峰會(huì)有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。根據(jù)句意和空格前的形容詞far-reaching分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞,且意義為“影響”,implications(可能的影響)是名詞。故選A項(xiàng)?!?0題詳解】 考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:在過去的一萬年里,宜人的全球環(huán)境僅僅是一個(gè)亮點(diǎn),而這一更大的氣候模式在各個(gè)時(shí)代都有很大的變化。根據(jù)句意和空格前的widely以及空格后的名詞climate分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ),修飾后面的climate,且意義為“變化”,varying(變化)是現(xiàn)在分詞,可以作定語(yǔ),符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.What’sthepurposeofphilosophy?AlfredNorthWhiteheadcharacterizeditasaseriesoffootnotestoPlato.Onthesurface,wedon’tseemtohave_____31_____muchinthetwoandahalfmillenniasincePlatowrotehisdialogues.Today’sphilosophersstillstrugglewithmanyofthesameissuesthatexercisedtheGreeks.Comparedwithphilosophy,sciencehasbeenonelong_____32_____storysinceittookitsmodemforminthe17thcentury.Ithasuncoveredtheworkingsofnatureandbroughtuntoldbenefitstohumanity._____33_____,notallphilosophersaretroubledbythiscontrast.Forsome,theworthofphilosophyliesintheprocess,nottheproduct.AccordingtoSocrates’statement—“Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving?”—theyholdthat_____34_____onthehumanstatementisvaluableinitself.OtherstaketheirleadfromMarx—“Thephilosophershaveonlyinterpretedtheworld—andviewphilosophyasanengineofpoliticalchange,whosepurposeisnottoreflectreality,buttochangeit.Evenso,themajorityofcontemporaryphilosophersprobablystillthinkofphilosophyasaroutetothe_____35_____.Accordingtothe“spin-off”theoryofphilosophicalprogress,allnewsciences_____36_____asbranchesofphilosophy,andonlybecomeestablishedasseparatedisciplinesoncephilosophyhasgrantedthemtheessentialintellectualmeanstosurviveontheirown.Then,itis_____37_____tosupposethelackofprogressinphilosophy.Wheneverphilosophydoesmakeprogress,itcreatesanewsubject,whichthennolongercountsaspartofphilosophy.That’s_____38_____itsprogressismaskedbytheconstantrenamingofitsintellectualfruits.Philosophyhasn’tlefteverythingtootheruniversitydepartments,andstill_____39_____plentyofitsownquestionstoexerciseitsownstudents.The_____40_____isthatitdoesn’tseemtohaveanydefiniteanswers.Whenitcomestotopicslikemorality,knowledge,freewill,consciousnessandsoon,thelecturersstill_____41_____arangeofoptionsthathavebeenaroundforalongtime.Nodoubtsomeofthe_____42_____betweenphilosophyandscienceresultfromthedifferentmethodsofinvestigationthattheyemploy.Wherephilosophyreliesonanalysisandargument,scienceisdevotedtodata.Itis_____43_____doubtedthatphilosophersdisagreemorethanscientists.Butargumentshaveloopholes(漏洞).So thereisalwaysplentyofroomforphilosopherstotakeissuewitheachother,wherescientistsbycontrasthaveto_____44_____whattheyaretold.Perhapsthereismoreprogressinphilosophythanatfirstappears,evenapartfromthespin-offdisciplines.Judgingfromitsappearances,itmaylookasifnothingiseversettled.Butbehindthem,philosophyisbynomeansincapableof_____45_____.31.A.progressedB.possessedC.addressedD.oppressed32.A.horrorB.lifeC.caseD.success33.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Moreover34.A.reflectionB.basisC.relianceD.evaluation35.A.equalityB.truthC.destinationD.peace36.A.serveB.struggleC.startD.develop37.A.naturalB.possibleC.difficultD.wrong38.A.howB.whenC.whyD.where39.A.reservesB.explainsC.analyzesD.comprehends40.A.solutionB.differenceC.troubleD.impression41.A.debateB.exploreC.preserveD.pursue42.A.agreementsB.distinctionsC.optionsD.relations43.A.generallyB.franklyC.privatelyD.scarcely44.A.establishB.checkC.acceptD.present45.A.sufferingB.peakingC.advancingD.signaling【答案】31.A32.D33.C34.A35.B36.C37.D38.C39.A40.C41.A42.B43.D44.C45.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇議論文。文章主要討論了哲學(xué)的目的、意義、所取得的進(jìn)步以及與科學(xué)的對(duì)比及相關(guān)話題?!?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:表面上看,自柏拉圖寫對(duì)話錄以來的2500年里,我們似乎并沒有太大的進(jìn)步。A.progressed進(jìn)步;B.possessed擁有;C.addressed演說、處理;D.oppressed欺壓、壓迫。根據(jù)下一句“Today’sphilosophersstillstrugglewithmanyofthesameissuesthatexercisedtheGreeks.”(今天的哲學(xué)家們?nèi)匀辉跒樵S多同樣困擾著希臘人的問題而奮斗。)可知,今天的哲學(xué)好像沒有取得很大的進(jìn)步。故選A。 【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:與哲學(xué)相比,科學(xué)自17世紀(jì)以現(xiàn)代形式出現(xiàn)以來,一直是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的成功故事。A.horror恐懼;B.life生活;C.case案件、病例;D.success成功。根據(jù)下一句“Ithasuncoveredtheworkingsofnatureandbroughtuntoldbenefitstohumanity.”(它揭示了自然的運(yùn)作方式,給人類帶來了無數(shù)的好處。)可知,與哲學(xué)似乎沒有取得太大進(jìn)步相比,科學(xué)應(yīng)該是比較成功的。故選D?!?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:然而,并非所有哲學(xué)家都為這種對(duì)比所困擾。A.Therefore所以;B.Otherwise否則;C.However然而;D.Moreover而且。根據(jù)第1小題“Onthesurface,wedon’tseemtohaveprogressedmuchinthetwoandahalfmillenniasincePlatowrotehisdialogues.”和第2小題“Comparedwithphilosophy,sciencehasbeenonelongsuccessstorysinceittookitsmodemforminthe17thcentury.”可知,哲學(xué)似乎沒有取得太大進(jìn)步,而科學(xué)相對(duì)比較成功,因此應(yīng)該會(huì)有一些哲學(xué)家為此困擾,但是根據(jù)本句句意,并非所有的哲學(xué)家都為此困擾,故應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C?!?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:蘇格拉底說過:“渾渾噩噩的生活不值得過?”他們認(rèn)為人的陳述的反思本身就是有價(jià)值的。A.reflection反射、反思、反映;C.basis基礎(chǔ);D.reliance依靠;D.evaluation評(píng)估。根據(jù)上一句“Forsome,theworthofphilosophyliesintheprocess,nottheproduct.”(對(duì)一些人來說,哲學(xué)的價(jià)值在于過程,而不是結(jié)果。)可知,以蘇格拉底的陳述為例,他們認(rèn)為對(duì)他陳述的反思過程比結(jié)果更有意義。故選A?!?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:即便如此,大多數(shù)當(dāng)代哲學(xué)家可能仍然認(rèn)為哲學(xué)是通往真理的一條道路。A.equality平等;B.truth真理;C.destination目的地;D.peace和平。根據(jù)上一句“OtherstaketheirleadfromMarx—“Thephilosophershaveonlyinterpretedtheworld—andviewphilosophyasanengineofpoliticalchange,whosepurposeisnottoreflectreality,buttochangeit.”(其他人則以馬克思為榜樣:“哲學(xué)家們只是解釋了世界,并將哲學(xué)視為政治變革的引擎,其目的不是反映現(xiàn)實(shí),而是改變現(xiàn)實(shí)?!保┛芍行┱軐W(xué)家認(rèn)為哲學(xué)不是為了反映現(xiàn)實(shí)和真理,結(jié)合本句的“Everso”可知,大部分的哲學(xué)家還是認(rèn)為哲學(xué)是反映現(xiàn)實(shí)和真理的。故選B。【36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:根據(jù)哲學(xué)進(jìn)步的“衍生”理論,所有新的科學(xué)都是從哲學(xué)的分支開始的,只有在哲學(xué)賦予它們獨(dú)立生存的基本知識(shí)手段之后,它們才能成為獨(dú)立的學(xué)科。A.serve服務(wù);B.struggle奮斗、斗爭(zhēng);C.start開始;D.develop發(fā)展。根據(jù)本句句意及“衍生”理論可知,新科學(xué)都是由哲學(xué)的分支開始逐步變成獨(dú)立的學(xué)科的。故選C。 【37題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:那么,認(rèn)為哲學(xué)缺乏進(jìn)步是錯(cuò)誤的。A.natual自然的;B.possible可能的;C.difficult困難的;D.wrong錯(cuò)誤的。根據(jù)第6小題“Accordingtothe“spin-off”theoryofphilosophicalprogress,allnewsciencesstartasbranchesofphilosophy,andonlybecomeestablishedasseparatedisciplinesoncephilosophyhasgrantedthemtheessentialintellectualmeanstosurviveontheirown.”可知,所有的新科學(xué)都是由哲學(xué)的分支開始,逐步成長(zhǎng)為獨(dú)立的學(xué)科的,說明它實(shí)際上是進(jìn)步的,故認(rèn)為哲學(xué)缺乏進(jìn)步是錯(cuò)誤的。故選D?!?8題詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意:這就是為什么它的進(jìn)步被不斷更名的知識(shí)成果所掩蓋。A.how怎樣;B.when什么時(shí)候;C.why為什么;D.where在哪里。根據(jù)上一句“Wheneverphilosophydoesmakeprogress,itcreatesanewsubject,whichthennolongercountsaspartofphilosophy.”(每當(dāng)哲學(xué)有了進(jìn)步,它就創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的學(xué)科,這個(gè)學(xué)科就不再是哲學(xué)的一部分了。)可知,這是它的進(jìn)步被掩蓋的原因。故選C?!?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:哲學(xué)并沒有把一切都留給其他大學(xué)院系,它仍然保留了大量自己的問題來鍛煉自己的學(xué)生。A.reserves保留、預(yù)訂;B.explains解釋;C.analyzes分析;D.comprehends理解。根據(jù)本“Philosophyhasn’tlefteverythingtootheruniversitydepartments”,哲學(xué)沒有把一切都留給其他大學(xué)院系,說明它保留了一些問題來鍛煉自己的學(xué)生。故選A?!?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:?jiǎn)栴}是它似乎沒有任何明確的答案。A.solution解決辦法;B.difference區(qū)別;C.trouble問題、麻煩;D.impression印象。根據(jù)第9小題“Philosophyhasn’tlefteverythingtootheruniversitydepartments,andstillreservesplentyofitsownquestionstoexerciseitsownstudents.”可知,哲學(xué)保留了一些問題來鍛煉自己的學(xué)生,但是根據(jù)本句句意可知,這些問題似乎沒有明確的答案,因此這對(duì)于學(xué)生來說是一個(gè)麻煩和問題。故選C?!?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)涉及到道德、知識(shí)、自由意志、意識(shí)等話題時(shí),講師們?nèi)匀辉谟懻撘幌盗幸呀?jīng)存在很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的選項(xiàng)。A.debate辯論、討論;B.explore探索;C.preserve保護(hù);D.pursue追求。根據(jù)第10小題“Thetroubleisthatitdoesn’tseemtohaveanydefiniteanswers.”可知,哲學(xué)留給學(xué)生們鍛煉的問題都沒有明確答案,所以講師們需要進(jìn)行討論,來確定選項(xiàng)。故選A?!?2題詳解】 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:毫無疑問,哲學(xué)和科學(xué)之間的一些區(qū)別是由于它們采用不同的研究方法造成的。A.agreements協(xié)議;B.distincitions區(qū)別、差異;C.options選擇、選項(xiàng);D.relations關(guān)系、聯(lián)系。根據(jù)本句句意并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,哲學(xué)和科學(xué)所采用的的研究方法是不同的,因而二者之間也是不同的;結(jié)合第2小題“Comparedwithphilosophy,sciencehasbeenonelongsuccessstorysinceittookitsmodemforminthe17thcentury.”也可獲知,哲學(xué)和科學(xué)之間是有差別的。故選B?!?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:哲學(xué)家的意見分歧比科學(xué)家多,這是毫無疑問的。A.generallly通常、一般;B.frankly坦白地、直率地;C.privately私下地;D.scarcely幾乎不。根據(jù)上一句“Wherephilosophyreliesonanalysisandargument,scienceisdevotedtodata”(哲學(xué)依賴于分析和論證,而科學(xué)則致力于數(shù)據(jù))和下一句“Butargumentshaveloopholes(漏洞).”(但是爭(zhēng)論是有漏洞的。)可知,哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家之間一定是有意見分歧的,并且因各自依賴的依據(jù)不同,哲學(xué)家的意見分歧一定會(huì)比科學(xué)家更多,這一點(diǎn)幾乎不容懷疑。故選D?!?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:因此,哲學(xué)家們總是有足夠的空間互相爭(zhēng)論,而相比之下,科學(xué)家們不得不接受別人告訴他們的東西。A.establish建立;B.check檢查;C.accept接受;D.present呈現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文的“Wherephilosophyreliesonanalysisandargument,scienceisdevotedtodata.”(哲學(xué)依賴于分析和論證,而科學(xué)則致力于數(shù)據(jù))可知,科學(xué)家是以數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)的,所以沒有太多的爭(zhēng)論空間,科學(xué)家們不得不接受別人告訴他們的東西。故選C?!?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:但在這些問題背后,哲學(xué)并非沒有進(jìn)步的能力。A.suffering遭受;B.peaking達(dá)到高峰;C.advancing進(jìn)步、前進(jìn);D.signaling發(fā)信號(hào)、示意。根據(jù)第7小題“Then,itiswrongtosupposethelackofprogressinphilosophy.”和最后一段“Perhapsthereismoreprogressinphilosophythanatfirstappears,evenapartfromthespin-offdisciplines.”(也許哲學(xué)的進(jìn)步比乍看起來要多,甚至撇開衍生理論不談。)可知,哲學(xué)實(shí)際上是有進(jìn)步的能力的。故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Thenumberofdevicesyoucantalktoismultiplying—firstitwasyourphone,thenyourcar,andnowyoucanbossaroundyourappliances.Childrenarelikelytogrowupthinkingeverythingisalive,oratleastinteractive.OneappdevelopertoldTheWashingtonthathissonstartedtalkingtocupmats.Butevenwithoutchattydevices, researchsuggeststhatundercertaincircumstances,peoplepersonifyeverydayproducts.Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecausewe’relonely.Inoneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeelingisolatedweremorelikelythanotherstoattributefreewillandconsciousnesstovariousdevices.Inturn,feelingbeingrelatedtoobjectscanreduceloneliness.Whencollegestudentswereremindedofatimethey’dbeenexcludedsocially,theymadeitupbyexaggeratingtheirnumberoffriendsonsocialmedia-unlesstheywerefirstgiventasksthatcausedthemtointeractwiththeirphoneasifithadhumanqualities.Thephoneapparentlystoodinforrealfriends.Atothertimes,wepersonifyproductsinanefforttounderstandthem.Onestudyfoundthatthreeinfourrespondentsshoutedattheircomputerandthemoretheircomputergavethemproblems,themorelikelytheyweretoreportthatithad“itsownbeliefsanddesires”.Whenwepersonifyproducts,theybecomehardertocastoff.Afterbeingaskedtoevaluatetheircar’spersonality,peoplewerelesslikelytosaytheyintendedtoreplaceitsoon.Andpersonifyingobjectsisassociatedwithatendencytohoard.Sohowdopeopleassigncharacteristicstoanobject?Inpart,werelyonlooks.Onhumans,widefacesareassociatedwithdominance.Similarly,peopleratedcars,clocks,andwatcheswithwidefacesasmoredominantlookingthannarrow-facedonesandpreferredthem.AnanalysisofcarsalesinGermanyfoundthatcarswithgrillesthatwereupturnedlikesmilesandheadlightslikenarrowedeyessoldbest.Thepurchaserssawthesefeaturesasincreasingacar’sfriendlinessandaggressiveness,respectively.It’slittlewondersomanycompaniesusemascotstobringbrandstolife.Aclassificationof1,151brandcharactersfoundsymbolsthatwerehumanorhumanliketobewidespread:Peopleweremostpopular,accountingfor21percentofmascots,followedbybirds,domesticatedanimals,wildanimals,andvariousplants.Personifyingproductsandbrandscanbackfire,however.Whenacoffeemakerwaspersonifiedinanad(“IamAroma”versusjust“Aroma”),men,butnotwomen,feltbetrayedbyincreasesinitsprice.Nowthatspeech-enabledcoffeemakersareonthemarket,maybethemachinescansweet-talktheirwaybackintomen’shearts.46.WhywouldthesonofanappdeveloperinParagraph1trytotalktocupmats?A.Becauseherecognizeseverythingasbeinginteractive.B.Becausehebelievesthecupmatshavetalkedtohim,C.BecausehewantstorepeattheexperiencewithAlexa.D.Becausehehasstronginterestsinmakingconversation.47.Peoplearemostlikelytopersonifythingswhen______.A.theylackreallifefriendsandarenotabletomakeany B.theyfindithardtounderstandotherpeoplearoundthemC.theyfeellonelyandareawareofadesireforinteractionD.theybecomeextremelyangrywithacertainproduct48.Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingtheresultofpersonifyingproducts?A.Dominant-lookingcarssellbestbecausewefindthemfriendlier.B.Wefindithardertogetridofthethingsthatweoncepersonified.C.Productswithcertainfeaturesaremorelikelytobepersonified.D.Weprefergood-lookingproductsandaremorelikelytobuythem.49.Whichofthefollowingcanprobablymakethemostpopularbrandmascotaccordingtothepassage?A.Agood-lookingdog.B.Sunflowers.C.HelloKitty,D.SuperMarioBrothers.【答案】46.A47.C48.B49.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了我們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)對(duì)一些物品人格化以及商家對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的運(yùn)用?!?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“Childrenarelikelytogrowupthinkingeverythingisalive,oratleastinteractive.OneappdevelopertoldTheWashingtonthathissonstartedtalkingtocupmats.(孩子們?cè)诔砷L(zhǎng)過程中很可能認(rèn)為一切都是有生命的,或者至少是互動(dòng)的。一名應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)人員告訴《華盛頓郵報(bào)》,他的兒子開始和杯子墊說話)”可知,應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)人員的兒子會(huì)試圖和杯墊說話是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為杯墊可以和他互動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)?!?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Sometimesweseethingsashumanbecausewe’relonely.Inoneexperiment,peoplewhoreportedfeelingisolatedweremorelikelythanotherstoattributefreewillandconsciousnesstovariousdevices.Inturn,feelingbeingrelatedtoobjectscanreduceloneliness.(有時(shí)候我們像人一樣看待物品是因?yàn)槲覀児陋?dú)。在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,報(bào)告感到孤立的人比其他人更有可能將自由意志和意識(shí)歸因于各種設(shè)備。反過來,與物體相關(guān)聯(lián)的感覺可以減少孤獨(dú)感)”可知,當(dāng)人們感到孤獨(dú)并渴望互動(dòng)的時(shí)候,人們更可能將物品人格化。故選C項(xiàng)。【48題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的句子“Whenwepersonifyproducts,theybecomehardertocastoff.Afterbeing askedtoevaluatetheircar’spersonality,peoplewerelesslikelytosaytheyintendedtoreplaceitsoon.(當(dāng)我們將產(chǎn)品擬人化時(shí),它們就更難擺脫。在被要求評(píng)估他們的汽車的個(gè)性后,人們不太可能說他們打算很快更換它)”可知,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難擺脫我們?cè)?jīng)擬人化的東西。故選B項(xiàng)?!?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的句子“Aclassificationof1,151brandcharactersfoundsymbolsthatwerehumanorhumanliketobewidespread:Peopleweremostpopular,accountingfor21percentofmascots,followedbybirds,domesticatedanimals,wildanimals,andvariousplants.(對(duì)1151個(gè)品牌形象進(jìn)行分類后發(fā)現(xiàn),人類的或類人的標(biāo)志普遍存在:最受歡迎的是人,占吉祥物的21%,其次是鳥類、家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物、野生動(dòng)物和各種植物)”可推知,最受歡迎的品牌吉祥物應(yīng)該是SuperMarioBrothers。故選D項(xiàng)。(B)TheElMaestrazgomountainregionofAragonisoneofSpain’smostunder-populatedareas.There,inthetinyvillageofAguaviva,MarceloMartinezandGildaMazzeo,35-year-oldtransplantsfromBuenosAires,havebeenlearningtoembracetheiradoptedhome.“It’snotasisolatedasitlooks,”saysMartinez,pointingoutthatthenearesttownis“only”30minutesaway.Mazzeolessconvinced,butevensheisfilledwithemotionassherecallshowkindlyherchildrenweretreatedwhenthefamilyfirstarrived.“Theygaveusfood,clothes,bicycles,everything.”Forthepasttwoyears,Aguavivahasbeenthecenterofalittle-knownplantorepopulateSpain’sremotevillageswithfamiliesfromLatinAmerica.Settlersareattractedwithprepaidflights,jobs,andhousing—aticketoutofthepovertythathasspreadmuchoftheircontinent.LuisBricio,Aguaviva’smayorandfounderoftheAssociationofSpanishTownsAgainstDepopulation,describeshisventureasanefforttosaveplacesthatwouldotherwise“disappear.”Sincethe1950s,reducingbirthratesandmigrationtocitieshaveleftSpainwithmorethan2,000ghosttowns.Manymorevillagesarepopulatedonlybyhandfulsofpeopleintheir80s.EnterArgentina,acountrystrugglingwithanunemploymentrateof12%.Inopinionpolls,one-thirdofitscitizenshavesaidtheywouldleaveiftheycould.Already,expertsestimate,asmanyas15,000ArgentineshavemovedtoSpaininthepastyear,nearlydoublingthenumberalreadythere.Justlastweek,Spainchangeditslawstoallowmothers—notjustfathers—topassonnationality,doublingthenumbereligible(有資格的)tobecomeSpanishcitizenstomorethan720,000.InTeruelprovince,whereAguavivalies,thepopulationisnowaround40%ofwhatitwasin1900.“Therewereonlytwowaystochangethesituation,”saysBricio.“Eitherforcepeopletohavemorebabiesorbringinyoungpeoplefromoutside.WethoughtLatinAmericanswouldintegraterapidly.Theyhadthelanguage,thecommonhistory.”BricioplacedaclassifiedadvertisementinanArgentinepaperandmadeanannouncementonaBuenosAiresradiostation,targetingcouplesunder40withatleasttwochildren.Bythetimehearrivedtogivehispresentation,therewerealready6,000peoplewaitingtotalktohim.“Argentina, therewasverylittlechanceofwork.”saysSilviaHernandez,33,whorecentlymovedtoTeruelwithherfamily.“Thelifeourchildrenhavehere,theycouldneverhavehadinArgentina.”Bricio’sassociationhasnowplaced106adultsand142childreninSpanishvillages—112oftheminAguaviva.Twoyearsago,theprovincewassodesperatethatitstagedaprotestinMadridundertheslogan“DoesExist”.Morerecently,anationalpaperranahappierheadline:“FirstbabyborninTeruelvillagein30years.”50.WhenMarceloMartinezandGildaMazzeomovedtoAguaviva,they________.A.feltdisappointedwithwhattheysawB.livedinatown30minutesawayC.receivedhelpfromlocalsD.failedtofindanyjob51.Thelittle-knownplan(inparagraph2)wasintendedto________.A.havemorepeopletoliveinsomealmostdesertedtownsB.findoutwhytherearesomanyghosttownsinSpainC.calculatehowmanyplacesaredisappearingD.preventtownspeoplemigratingtocities52.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageaboutArgentinaandSpain?A.Bothoftheirpopulationsareincreasing.B.TheircitizenscancommunicateinSpanish.C.Theyarebothstrugglingformoreemployment.D.NeitherofthemappealtootherLatinAmericans.53.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheLandofOpportunityB.NewLife,NewChallengeC.TeruelSufferedintheLast30YearsD.LuisBricio,anAdventurerinForeignAffairs【答案】50.C51.A52.B53.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了西班牙的“移民計(jì)劃”——將拉丁美洲的家庭吸引到西班牙幾乎無人居住的偏遠(yuǎn)村莊。由于西班牙能提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)和更好的生活,這一計(jì)劃受到人們的歡迎。50題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Mazzeolessconvinced,butevensheisfilledwithemotionassherecallshowkindlyherchildrenweretreatedwhenthefamilyfirstarrived.‘Theygaveusfood,clothes,bicycles,everything.’(Mazzeo 不太相信,但當(dāng)她回憶起一家人剛來的時(shí)候,她的孩子們受到了多么友好的對(duì)待時(shí),她也是充滿了感情?!八麄兘o我們食物、衣服、自行車,什么都給。”)”可知,當(dāng)馬塞洛·馬丁內(nèi)斯和吉爾達(dá)·馬澤奧搬到阿瓜維瓦時(shí),他們得到當(dāng)?shù)厝说膸椭?。故選C項(xiàng)?!?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Forthepasttwoyears,Aguavivahasbeenthecenterofalittle-knownplantorepopulateSpain’sremotevillageswithfamiliesfromLatinAmerica.(在過去的兩年里,阿瓜維瓦一直是一個(gè)鮮為人知的計(jì)劃的中心,該計(jì)劃旨在讓來自拉丁美洲的家庭重新定居在西班牙的偏遠(yuǎn)村莊)”和“LuisBricio,Aguaviva’smayorandfounderoftheAssociationofSpanishTownsAgainstDepopulation,describeshisventureasanefforttosaveplacesthatwouldotherwise‘disappear.’Sincethe1950s,reducingbirthratesandmigrationtocitieshaveleftSpainwithmorethan2,000ghosttowns.Manymorevillagesarepopulatedonlybyhandfulsofpeopleintheir80s.(阿瓜維瓦市長(zhǎng)、西班牙城鎮(zhèn)反對(duì)人口減少協(xié)會(huì)的創(chuàng)始人路易斯·布里西奧稱,他的冒險(xiǎn)行動(dòng)是為了拯救那些否則將“消失”的地方。自20世紀(jì)50年代以來,出生率下降和向城市移民使西班牙出現(xiàn)2000多個(gè)鬼城。在更多的村莊里,只有少數(shù)80多歲的老人)”可知,這個(gè)“鮮為人知的計(jì)劃”是讓來更多的人移居西班牙偏遠(yuǎn)且?guī)缀鯚o人居住的村鎮(zhèn)。故選A項(xiàng)?!?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“‘Eitherforcepeopletohavemorebabiesorbringinyoungpeoplefromoutside.WethoughtLatinAmericanswouldintegraterapidly.Theyhadthelanguage,thecommonhistory.’BricioplacedaclassifiedadvertisementinanArgentinepaperandmadeanannouncementonaBuenosAiresradiostation,targetingcouplesunder40withatleasttwochildren.(“要么強(qiáng)迫人們多生孩子,要么從外面引進(jìn)年輕人。我們認(rèn)為拉丁美洲會(huì)迅速融入。他們有共同的語(yǔ)言,共同的歷史?!辈祭镂鲓W在阿根廷的一家報(bào)紙上刊登了分類廣告,并在布宜諾斯艾利斯的一家廣播電臺(tái)發(fā)布了公告,目標(biāo)是40歲以下、至少有兩個(gè)孩子的夫婦)”可知,阿根廷和西班牙有共同的語(yǔ)言和共同的歷史,所以兩國(guó)的公民可以用西班牙語(yǔ)交流。故選B項(xiàng)。【53題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文,并結(jié)合第二段中“Forthepasttwoyears,Aguavivahasbeenthecenterofalittle-knownplantorepopulateSpain’sremotevillageswithfamiliesfromLatinAmerica.(在過去的兩年里,阿瓜維瓦一直是一個(gè)鮮為人知的計(jì)劃的中心,該計(jì)劃旨在讓來自拉丁美洲的家庭重新定居在西班牙的偏遠(yuǎn)村莊)”、第三段中“EnterArgentina,acountrystrugglingwithanunemploymentrateof12%.Inopinionpolls,one-thirdofitscitizenshavesaidtheywouldleaveiftheycould.Already,expertsestimate,asmanyas15,000ArgentineshavemovedtoSpaininthepastyear,nearlydoublingthenumberalreadythere.(阿根廷的失業(yè)率高達(dá)12%。在民意調(diào)查中,三分之一的公民表示,如果可以的話,他們會(huì)離開。專家估計(jì),在過去一年里,已經(jīng)有多達(dá)1.5萬名阿根廷人移居西班牙,幾乎是已經(jīng)移居西班牙人數(shù)的兩倍)”和“‘Argentina,therewasverylittlechanceofwork.’saysSilviaHernandez,33,whorecentlymovedtoTeruelwithherfamily.‘Thelifeourchildrenhavehere, theycouldneverhavehadinArgentina.’(“在阿根廷,幾乎沒有工作的機(jī)會(huì)?!?3歲的西爾維亞·埃爾南德斯說,她最近和家人一起搬到了特魯埃爾?!拔覀兊暮⒆釉谶@里的生活,他們?cè)诎⒏⒂肋h(yuǎn)無法擁有?!?”可知,本文主要介紹了西班牙的“移民計(jì)劃”——將拉丁美洲的家庭吸引到西班牙幾乎無人居住的偏遠(yuǎn)村莊。由于西班牙能提供更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)和更好的生活,對(duì)于拉丁美洲人而言,西班牙是“充滿機(jī)遇的土地”。由此可知,“TheLandofOpportunity”適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.PioneersofthePacificNooneissurehowtheydiditorevenwhytheydidit,butover3,000yearsagopeoplesailedintotheenormousemptinessofthePacificOceaninsimplecanoes.Withinafewcenturies,thesepeoplenowknownastheLapita—hadmigratedfromPapuaNewGuineatotheislandofTonga,atleast2,000milestotheeast.______54______Andtheydiscoveredandtheninhabiteddozensoftropicalislandsneverbeforeseenbyhumaneyes:Vanuatu,NewCaledonia,Fiji,Samoa.______55______AlthoughtheirvoyagebeganinthenorthernislandsofPapuaNewGuinea,theirlanguagecamefromTaiwan,andtheirstyleofpotterydecorationprobablyhaditsrootsinthenorthernPhilippines.SowhoweretheLapita?DidtheycomefromasinglepointinAsiaorfromseveraldifferentplaces?Now,archaeologistsMatthewSpriggsandStuartBedfordoftheAustralianNationalUniversityareworkingtoanswerthequestions.ALapitacemeteryontheislandoffateinthePacificnationofVanuatuhasrevealedinformationaboutLapitacustoms,andDNAfromtheancientbonesmayhelptoanswerquestionsabouttheLapitapeople.“Thisrepresentsthebestopportunitywe’vehadyet,”saysSpriggs,tofindoutwhotheLapitaactuallywere,wheretheycamefrom,andwhotheirclosestdescendantsaretoday.”______56______AthollAnderson,professorofprehistoryattheAustralianNationalUniversity,suggeststhatElNino,thesamewarmingofoceanwaterthataffectsthePacifictoday,mayhavehelped.Climatedataobtainedfromslow-growingcoralsaroundthePacificaridfromlake-bedsedimentsintheAndesofSou&AmericaindicateaseriesofunusuallyfrequentElNinoaroundthetimeoftheLapitaexpansion.Byreversingtheregulareast-to-westflowofthetradewindsforweeksatatime,thesesuperElNinomighthavecarriedtheLapitasailorsonlong,unplannedvoyagesfaroverthehorizon.______57______Theirdescendantshaveinhabitedtheregionforthousandsofyears,andwhynot?They’relivinginanislandparadisethatmanyofusonlydreamabout.A.HowevertheyarrivedontheislandstheLapitacametostay. B.Butevenifthearchaeologistscananswerthesequestions,westillwon’tknowhowtheLapitasailedsofareastagainstthetradewinds,whichnormallyblowfromeasttowest.C.ArchaeologistshavelongbeenwonderingaboutthereasonwhytheLapitalefttheirhomeforabrand-newworld.D.TheyexploredmillionsofsquaremilesofthePacific.E.Therefore,theLapitagaveussomenewperspectivetounderstandthePacific.F.ThereismuchwedonotknowabouttheLapita.【答案】54.D55.F56.B57.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了拉皮塔人作為探索太平洋的先驅(qū),仍有許多未解之謎需要研究者去做進(jìn)一步探索。【54題詳解】下文“Andtheydiscoveredandtheninhabiteddozensoftropicalislandsneverbeforeseenbyhumaneyes:Vanuatu,NewCaledonia,Fiji,Samoa.(并且他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了并在幾十個(gè)人類從未見過的熱帶島嶼定居下來:瓦努阿圖、新克里多尼亞、斐濟(jì)、薩摩亞)”說明拉皮塔人在太平洋上發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多新的島嶼,和D項(xiàng)“他們探索了太平洋數(shù)百萬平方英里的地方”構(gòu)成內(nèi)容上的承接關(guān)系,說明了拉皮塔人探索的結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)?!?5題詳解】下文“SowhoweretheLapita?DidtheycomefromasinglepointinAsiaorfromseveraldifferentplaces?(那么誰是拉皮塔人呢?他們是來自于亞洲某個(gè)單獨(dú)的地點(diǎn),還是來自于幾個(gè)不同的地方?)”這是研究者對(duì)于拉皮塔人存在的疑問,是對(duì)F項(xiàng)“對(duì)于拉皮塔人,我們還有很多是未知的”的舉例說明。故選F項(xiàng)?!?6題詳解】下文“AthollAnderson,professorofprehistoryattheAustralianNationalUniversity,suggeststhatElNino,thesamewarmingofoceanwaterthataffectsthePacifictoday,mayhavehelped.(澳大利亞國(guó)立大學(xué)史前史教授阿索爾·安德森認(rèn)為尼爾諾現(xiàn)象,也就是今天影響太平洋的海水變暖,可能起到了幫助作用)”說明了尼爾諾現(xiàn)象使海水變暖,和B項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期以來,考古學(xué)家一直想知道拉皮塔人為了一個(gè)全新的世界離開家園的原因”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系,是對(duì)拉皮塔人離開家園原因的解釋說明。故選B項(xiàng)?!?7題詳解】下文“Theirdescendantshaveinhabitedtheregionforthousandsofyears,andwhynot?They’relivinginanislandparadisethatmanyofusonlydreamabout.(他們的后代已經(jīng)在這個(gè)地區(qū)居住了幾千年,而且為什么不呢?他們生活在一個(gè)我們很多人只能夢(mèng)想的島嶼天堂)”說明拉皮塔人這個(gè)區(qū)域定居了幾千年,與A項(xiàng)“不管他們?cè)鯓觼淼綅u上拉皮塔人都住了下來”構(gòu)成承接關(guān)系,是對(duì)拉皮塔人定居內(nèi)容的順承。故選A 項(xiàng)。第II卷I.SpellingDirections:Writeoutthewordsaccordingtotherelevantdefinitions.Thefirstletterisgiventoyou.58.r_____(ofrules,methods,etc,)verystrictanddifficulttochange59.c_____thesubjectsthatareincludedinacourseofstudyortaughtinaschool,college,etc.60.g_____aperson’sunderstandingofasubjectorofdifficultfacts61.i_____asiscertaintohappen62.T_____closelyconnectedwiththesubjectyouarediscussingorthesituationyouarethinkingabout63.n_____(ofrivers,etc.)wideanddeepenoughforshipsandboatstosailon64.w_____alargeareaoflandthathasneverbeendevelopedorusedforgrowingcropsbecauseitisdifficulttolivethere65.i_____theactofanarmyenteringanothercountrybyforceinordertotakecontrolofit66.c_____n.大災(zāi)難67.f_____adj.肥沃的68.e_____-n.短途旅行69.i_____adj.臭名昭著的70.e_____n.流行病71.a_____adv.匿名地;不具體地【答案】58.rigid59.curriculum60.grasp61.inevitably62.relevant63.navigable64.wilderness65.invasion66.catastrophe67.fertile68.excursion69.infamous70.epidemic 71.anonymously【解析】【58題詳解】根據(jù)英文釋義“(ofrules,methods,etc,)verystrictanddifficulttochange((指規(guī)則、方法等)非常嚴(yán)格,很難改變)”和首字母提示可知,考查形容詞rigid“嚴(yán)格死板的,僵化的”。故填rigid?!?9題詳解】根據(jù)英文釋義“thesubjectsthatareincludedinacourseofstudyortaughtinaschool,college,etc.(學(xué)校、學(xué)院等中所包含或教授的課程)”和首字母提示可知,考查名詞course“課程。”故填course?!?0題詳解】根據(jù)英文釋義“?person’sunderstandingofasubjectorofdifficultfacts(一個(gè)人對(duì)一個(gè)主題或困難事實(shí)的理解)”和首字母提示可知,考查名詞grasp“理解,領(lǐng)悟。故填grasp?!?1題詳解】根據(jù)英文釋義“asiscertaintohappen(肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的)”和首字母提示可知,考查副詞inevitably“必然地”。故填inevitably?!?2題詳解】根據(jù)英文釋義“closelyconnectedwiththesubjectyouarediscussingorthesituationyouarethinkingabout(與你正在討論的主題或你正在思考的情況密切相關(guān))”和首字母提示可知,考查形容詞relevant“相關(guān)的”。故填relevant?!?3題詳解】根據(jù)英文釋義“?(ofrivers,etc.)wideanddeepenoughforshipsandboatstosailon((指河流等)寬而深,足以供船只航行)”和首字母提示可知,考查形容詞navigable“可航自行的”。故填navigable?!?4題詳解】根據(jù)英文義“alargeareaoflandthathasneverbeendevelopedorusedforgrowingcropsbecauseitisdifficulttolivethere(一大片從未被開發(fā)或用于種植作物的土地,因?yàn)樵谀抢锷詈芾щy)”和首字母提示可知,考查名詞wilderness“荒野”。故填wilderness?!?5題詳解】根據(jù)英文釋義“theactofanarmyenteringanothercountrybyforceinordertotakecontrolofit(軍隊(duì)以武力進(jìn)入另一個(gè)國(guó)家以控制該國(guó)家的行為)”和首字母提示可知,考查名詞invasion“入侵”。故填invasion?!?6題詳解】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和首字母提示可知,考查名詞catastrophe。故填catastrophe?!?7題詳解】 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和首字母提示可知,考查形容詞fertile。故填fertile。【68題詳解】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和首字母提示可知,考查名詞excursion。故填excursion?!?9題詳解】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和首字母提示可知,考查形容詞infamous。故填infamous。【70題詳解】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和首字母提示可知,考查名詞epidemic。故填epidemic?!?1題詳解】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和首字母提示可知,考查副詞anonymously。故填anonymously。II.RecitationDirections:Fillineachblankwithamissingwordaccordingtothetext.Thebenefitsofadegreearenotobvioustopeoplewholiveonthisremoteisland.Familieshavea______72______lifestyle,huntingwalruses,whalesandotherseaanimalsinthespring,andgatheringberriesinthesummer.Thelargestemployeristheschoolsystem;______73______,thereareonlyahandfulofjobsinfishing,oilandtheairlinesthatconnecttheislandtothemainland.Thereisn’tmuchdemandforanythingelseandmorethanaquarterofadultsare______74______.Todaytwovillagesremainwithapopulationofjust1,400.Peoplethereareusedtothe______75______landscapeandclimate—inthesummer,fieldsofgrassyfrozenground______76______fromsnow-cappedmountainrangestothestonyshorelines,butinthewinterthesundisappears,thereisalotofsnow,andpolarbearsarriveonicefloes.Leavingtheislandisnotanoption,asaticketonabushplanecosts$400,aweek’searningsformanyislanders.Thesenseof______77______isstrong.Whenawhaleiskilled,thehousesandschoolemptyaseveryoneracestothebeachtotakeashareofthemeat.【答案】72.subsistence73.otherwise74.unemployed75.harsh76.stretch77.community【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是在偏遠(yuǎn)島嶼上的人們的生活方式,學(xué)位對(duì)他們來說意義不大。【72題詳解】 考查名詞。句意:家家都過著自給自足的生活方式,春天狩獵海象、鯨魚和其他海洋動(dòng)物,夏天采集漿果。根據(jù)空后的名詞可知,此處應(yīng)為定語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意以及上下文語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示“自給自足”為subsistence作定語(yǔ),與句意吻合。故填subsistence?!?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意:最大的雇主是學(xué)校系統(tǒng);除此之外,在漁業(yè)、石油和連接島嶼和大陸的航空行業(yè),工作崗位屈指可數(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)為副詞作狀語(yǔ),結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“不然,除此之外”應(yīng)為otherwise符合句意。故填otherwise?!?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意:對(duì)其他東西的需求不大,超過四分之一的成年人失業(yè)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)為形容詞作表語(yǔ),結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“失業(yè)的”為unemployed符合句意。故填unemployed?!?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意:那里的人們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了惡劣的景觀和氣候——在夏天,長(zhǎng)滿草的凍土從雪山延伸到多石的海岸線,但在冬天,太陽(yáng)消失了,有很多雪,北極熊會(huì)在浮冰上出現(xiàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)為形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾landscape,結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“惡劣的”為harsh符合句意。故填harsh?!?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:那里的人們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了惡劣的景觀和氣候——在夏天,長(zhǎng)滿草的凍土從雪山延伸到多石的海岸線,但在冬天,太陽(yáng)消失了,有很多雪,北極熊會(huì)在浮冰上出現(xiàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“延伸”為stretch,根據(jù)全文時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),此處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),句子主語(yǔ)是fields為復(fù)數(shù),且與主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填stretch。【77題詳解】考查名詞。句意:當(dāng)鯨魚被殺死時(shí),房子和學(xué)校都是空的,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都跑到海灘上分一份肉。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)為名詞作賓語(yǔ),結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“社區(qū)”為community符合句意,且此處表示的是抽象概念。故填community。III.PhrasesDirections:Fillintheblankswiththeproperformsofthephrasesgiveninthebox.Notethateachphrasecanbeonlyusedonceandtherearetwophrasesmorethanyouneed.besafefrombecaughtinbelongtodropoutofgobeyondimpose...on...befarfrom78.Time,sopersonalyet_____noone,iswhatofeternalthematicvaluetomenofletters.79.HelaughsintoHenry’smouth,instantly_____hisowndramaticmentalportraitofthetwoofthempaintedin oils,youngiconsoftheirnations,shiningwetinthelamplight.80.Hardlysurprisingly,giventhesizeofthemarket,mostofthesetextshavenever_____theirfirsteditions.81.Hisheadwascutoff,buriedonTowerHillfacingFranceinthebeliefthatsolongasitremainedthere,Britain_____invasion.82.TheGermanAthleticsFederationhasrecommendedthatafour-yearban_____doubleworldsprintchampionKatrinKrabbeforfailingadrugstest.【答案】78.belongingto79.caughtin80.gonebeyond81.wouldbesafefrom82.shouldbeimposedon##beimposedon【解析】【78題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:時(shí)間如此個(gè)人化,卻不屬于任何人,對(duì)文學(xué)家來說,它具有永恒的主題價(jià)值。belongto“屬于”符合句意,此處指時(shí)間不屬于任何人;分析句子可知,空格處為狀語(yǔ),和邏輯主語(yǔ)Time是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填belongingto?!?9題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意:他對(duì)著亨利的嘴笑了笑,立刻陷入了自己對(duì)他們兩人用油畫描繪的戲劇性心理畫像中——他們國(guó)家的年輕偶像,在燈光下閃閃發(fā)光。分析句子可知,空格處表示“陷入”,用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)becaughtin,動(dòng)詞catch和邏輯主語(yǔ)He是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用過去分詞,作狀語(yǔ)。故填caughtin?!?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:毫不奇怪,考慮到市場(chǎng)的規(guī)模,這些文本中的大多數(shù)從未超過過初版。根據(jù)句意空格處表示“超過,超越”,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)gobeyond符合句意;分析句子可知此處和助動(dòng)詞have構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),應(yīng)使用過去分詞,故填gonebeyond?!?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他的頭被砍掉,埋在面向法國(guó)的塔山上,因?yàn)樗嘈胖灰粼谀抢?,英?guó)就不會(huì)受到入侵。根據(jù)句意空格處表示“避免,免于”,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)besafefrom符合句意;分析句子可知,空格處為句子謂語(yǔ)部分,根據(jù)前面“Hisheadwascutoff”以及“thebelief”可知此處應(yīng)使用過去將來時(shí)。故填wouldbesafefrom?!?2題詳解】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:德國(guó)田徑聯(lián)合會(huì)建議對(duì)兩屆世界短跑冠軍KatrinKrabbe 因藥檢不合格而實(shí)施四年禁賽。根據(jù)句意空格處表示“強(qiáng)制實(shí)行,把……強(qiáng)加于……”,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)impose...on...符合句意;分析句子可知,空格處為賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)部分,recommend后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,謂語(yǔ)部分為should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略,此處動(dòng)詞impose和主語(yǔ)afour-yearban是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故填shouldbeimposedon/beimposedon。IVTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrakes.83.教育不應(yīng)局限于要求學(xué)生掌握書本知識(shí),還要指導(dǎo)他們應(yīng)對(duì)與實(shí)際生活相關(guān)的難題。(restrict)(漢譯英)【答案】Educationshouldnotberestrictedtoaskingstudentstohaveagoodgrasp/commandofknowledgefrombooks,butitshould(also)instructthemtoaddress/meet/copewith/riseto/challenges(thatare)relevanttoreallife.【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和短語(yǔ)。句子陳述客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表達(dá)“局限于做某事”應(yīng)用berestrictedtodoingsth.;表達(dá)“掌握書本知識(shí)”用haveagoodgrasp/commandofknowledgefrombooks;表達(dá)“指導(dǎo)某人做某事”用instructsb.todosth.;表達(dá)“解決難題”用address/meet/copewith/risetochallenges;“與……有關(guān)”表達(dá)為berelevantto,“與實(shí)際生活相關(guān)的”可處理為修飾challenge的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),表達(dá)為thatarerelevanttoreallife,也可處理為形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。結(jié)合其他漢語(yǔ)提示,故翻譯為Educationshouldnotberestrictedtoaskingstudentstohaveagoodgrasp/commandofknowledgefrombooks,butitshould(also)instructthemtoaddress/meet/copewith/riseto/challenges(thatare)relevanttoreallife.84.大多數(shù)職業(yè)女性都陷入這樣的困境,她們無力承擔(dān)失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),只得依靠父母來幫助照顧孩子。(rely)(漢譯英)【答案】Mostworkingwomenfindthemselvesinasituationwheretheycan’taffordtheriskoflosingtheirjobs,sotheyhavenooptionbuttorelyonparentstohelplookaftertheirchildren.【解析】【詳解】考查名詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、時(shí)態(tài)和定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知,全句描述當(dāng)前普遍存在的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài);“大多數(shù)職業(yè)女性都陷入這樣的困境”是主句,主語(yǔ)“大多數(shù)職業(yè)女性”可用mostworkingwomen表示,謂語(yǔ)部分“陷入這樣的困境”可用短語(yǔ)findthemselvesinasituation表示,因主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)一致,使用了反身代詞themselves,另外“困境”未直譯,在其后定語(yǔ)從句中體現(xiàn)?!八齻儫o力承擔(dān)失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),只得依靠父母來幫助照顧孩子”處理為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞situation,模糊地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句作地點(diǎn)狀,用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句;“她們無力承擔(dān)失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”是定語(yǔ)從句中第一分句,主語(yǔ)“她們”they,謂語(yǔ)“無力承擔(dān)”可用can’taffords表示,賓語(yǔ)“失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”用theriskoflosingtheir jobs表示;“只得依靠父母來幫助照顧孩子”是第二分句,與上一分句之間是因果關(guān)系,用并列連詞so連接,主語(yǔ)“她們”they,謂語(yǔ)“只得依靠”可用短語(yǔ)havenooptionbutto?do...表示,賓語(yǔ)“依靠父母來幫助照顧孩子”用torelyonparentstohelplookaftertheirchildren表示。綜上,全句譯為:Mostworkingwomenfindthemselvesinasituationwheretheycan’taffordtheriskoflosingtheirjobs,sotheyhavenooptionbuttorelyonparentstohelplookaftertheirchildren.85.老年人的一個(gè)常見習(xí)慣就是囤積大量生活必需品以備不時(shí)之需,一部分原因是他們總是覺得某些不可控的事情即將發(fā)生。(horizon)(漢譯英)【答案】Itisacommonhabitamongtheelderlytostore/hoardalargequantityoflivingessentials/lifenecessitiesincaseofemergencies,partlybecausetheyalwaysfeelthatsomethinguncontrollableisonthehorizon.【解析】【詳解】考查固定句型、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和固定短語(yǔ)。由句意可知,本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示客觀事實(shí)?!袄夏耆说囊粋€(gè)常見習(xí)慣是……”可用固定句型Itisacommonhabitamongtheelderlytodosth表達(dá),It為形式主語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式todosth為真正的主語(yǔ);“囤積大量生活用品”可譯為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)store/hoardalargequantityoflivingessentials/lifenecessities,表達(dá)“以備不時(shí)之需”可用介詞短語(yǔ)incaseofemergencies;故“老年人的一個(gè)常見習(xí)慣就是囤積大量生活必需品以備不時(shí)之需,”可譯為Itisacommonhabitamongtheelderlytostore/hoardalargequantityoflivingessentials/lifenecessitiesincaseofemergencies?!耙徊糠衷蚴恰笨勺g為連詞because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,即partlybecause...,“他們總是覺得……”可用theyalwaysfeelthat...來翻譯,that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,“某些不可控的事情”應(yīng)譯為somethinguncontrollable,根據(jù)提示詞,“即將發(fā)生”應(yīng)譯為beonthehorizon;故“一部分原因是他們總是覺得某些不可控的事情即將發(fā)生?!笨勺g為partlybecausetheyalwaysfeelthatsomethinguncontrollableisonthehorizon。故答案為:Itisacommonhabitamongtheelderlytostore/hoardalargequantityoflivingessentials/lifenecessitiesincaseofemergencies,partlybecausetheyalwaysfeelthatsomethinguncontrollableisonthehorizon.VSummaryWriting86.Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.CommonCharacteristicsofFolktalesMostofusknowsomeveryoldfolktales.Peoplesharedthesestoriesorallyforyearsbeforewritingthemdown.Sincepeopletoldstoriesinsteadofwritingthem,thestorieschangedinbetweenplacesandwitheachstoryteller.Eachnewstorytellermadechangestothestoriesbasedonhisowntraditionsandculture.Forexample,manycultureshavestoriesliketheraventaleabouthowpeoplegotlight.Inthesetales,though,themaincharacterisanothertypeofanimal. Nextthecharactersinfolktalesaresimilar.Theyareusuallyordinarycharacterswhodoextraordinarythings.Theyusuallyhaveonlyoneortwostrongcharacteristics.Forinstance,thechiefintheRavenstoryisselfishandnotverysmart.ButRavenisverygenerous―ewantstohelppeople.Andhe’sverycleverashefindsawaytogetthelight.Inaddition,oftenthecharactersinfolktalesarenotpeoplebutanimalswithhumanqualities.Theytalk,makeplans,andhavestrongemotions.SmallanimalssuchasthepopularspiderandturtleplaythisroleinWestAfricanstories.Insummary,thecharactersoffolktalesaresimplebutoftencleverinachievingtheirgoals.Finally,theplot,orwhathappensinthefolktale,isusuallyexciting.Mostfolktalesbeginwithanexpressionlike“alongtimeago”andthenmoveveryquicklyintothestory,whichstartswithaproblem.Forinstance,astrong,badcharacteroftengivesaweakercharacterataskandpromisessomethingifhecompletesthetask.Theweakercharacteroftenusesclevertricks,specialskills,ormagictocompletethetask.Intheendofafolktale,thegoodcharactersusuallywinandthebadcharacterslose.Inconclusion,theplotofafolktaleisinteresting.So,insummary,weknowthatthetraditionoffolktalesisveryold.Theyaretoldallovertheworld,buttheyshareseveralofthesamefeatures,assaidabove.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Folktalesareoldandhavemuchincommon.First,theychangedwithtimeandculturebecausetheyusedtospreadbywordofmouth.Second,thecharactersinmostofthemaresimplebutcleverandtheyareoftenpersonifiedanimals.Finally,theirstorybeginswithaproblemandgoodcharacterscanoftenwinoverbadonesintheend.(60words)【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了古老的民間故事的三個(gè)特征:它們是口口相傳,隨著時(shí)間和文化的變化而變化;其次它們角色簡(jiǎn)單,經(jīng)常擬人化;第三個(gè)特征是好的角色最終會(huì)取得勝利?!驹斀狻?要點(diǎn)摘錄①M(fèi)ostofusknowsomeveryoldfolktales.②Peoplesharedthesestoriesorallyforyearsbeforewritingthemdown.Sincepeopletoldstoriesinsteadofwritingthem,thestorieschangedinbetweenplacesandwitheachstoryteller.Eachnewstorytellermadechangestothe storiesbasedonhisowntraditionsandculture.③Next,thecharactersinfolktalesaresimilar.Theyareusuallyordinarycharacterswhodoextraordinarythings.Theyusuallyhaveonlyoneortwostrongcharacteristics.④Insummary,thecharactersoffolktalesaresimplebutoftencleverinachievingtheirgoals.⑤Finally,theplot,orwhathappensinthefolktale,isusuallyexciting.⑥Intheendofafolktale,thegoodcharactersusuallywinandthebadcharacterslose.Inconclusion,theplotofafolktaleisinteresting.⑦Theyaretoldallovertheworld,buttheyshareseveralofthesamefeatures,assaidabove.2.縝密構(gòu)思將第1、7兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合,作為首句;將第2個(gè)要點(diǎn)重組;3、4兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合;5、6兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)重組。3.遣詞造句Folktalesareoldandhavemuchincommon.Theychangedwithtimeandculturebecausetheyusedtospreadbywordofmouth.Thecharactersinmostofthemaresimplebutcleverandtheyareoftenpersonifiedanimals.Theirstorybeginswithaproblemandgoodcharacterscanoftenwinoverbadonesintheend.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Theychangedwithtimeandculturebecausetheyusedtospreadbywordofmouth.(運(yùn)用了because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句)【高分句型2】Second,thecharactersinmostofthemaresimplebutcleverandtheyareoftenpersonifiedanimals.(運(yùn)用了and連接的并列句)VI.GuidedWriting87.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)學(xué)生王磊,最近正在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)有關(guān)“人際關(guān)系”的研究,經(jīng)過問卷調(diào)查,結(jié)果如下表所示:對(duì)象每天聊天的時(shí)間(平均)同學(xué)2小時(shí)家長(zhǎng)10分鐘老師30分鐘 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】RecentlyIdidasurveyonseniorhighschoolstudents’interpersonalrelationshipswiththeirclassmates,parentsandteachers.Theresultsshowthatthestudentsspendtwohoursondaychattingwiththeirpeers,30minuteswithteachers,butmerely10minuteswiththeirparents.Theresultsareunderstandableyetworrying.Studentsspendmostofthedayatschool,soitisnaturalforthemtochatmorewiththeirclassmates.Theyneverfailtofindsomethingtotalkabout,fromschoolworktopopstars,fromsharedhobbiestocurrentevents,etc.Whentheycomeacrossdifficultiesinstudy,theywouldturntotheirteachersforhelp.Backhome,however,studentsareburiedwithloadsofhomework,hardlyfindingenoughtimetohaveanenjoyablechatwiththeirparents.Besides,manyparentsareover-enthusiasticabouttheirchildren’sacademicperformanceandtendtoimposetheirwishonthem.Toeasethetensionordisagreement,somestudentswouldsimplyrefrainthemselvesfromchattingwithoftheirparents,resultingineverdecreasingcommunicationbetweeneachother.Thedevelopmentofinterpersonalrelationships,especiallytherelationshipswithone’slovedones,playsanimportantroleintheyounggeneration’sphysicalandmentalgrowth.Communicationistheinitialstepofagoodrelationship.Hopefully,theresultsofmysurveywillencouragethestudentstotalkmorewiththeirparents.Afterall,onlywhenweestablishagoodrelationshipwithourparentscanwegetalongbetterwithothers.【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于圖表作文,要求考生就最近正在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)有關(guān)“人際關(guān)系”的研究的調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行說明和分析原因。【詳解】1.詞匯積累交談:chat→communicate遇到:comeacross→runinto幫助:help→assistance而且:besides→what’smore2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句:Toeasethetensionordisagreement,somestudentswouldsimplyrefrainthemselvesfromchattingwithof theirparents,resultingineverdecreasingcommunicationbetweeneachother.拓展句:Toeasethetensionordisagreement,somestudentswouldsimplyrefrainthemselvesfromchattingwithoftheirparents,whichresultsineverdecreasingcommunicationbetweeneachother.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Backhome,however,studentsareburiedwithloadsofhomework,hardlyfindingenoughtimetohaveanenjoyablechatwiththeirparents.(運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))【高分句型2】Afterall,onlywhenweestablishagoodrelationshipwithourparentscanwegetalongbetterwithothers.(運(yùn)用了部分倒裝)聽力答案:I-5DCABD6-10ABACC11-13ADB14-16BDC17-20ACDB
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